Chapter 7: Organic Chemistry

Front 1

Organic Halides

Back 1

Addition of halogens (group 7A) to hydrocarbons [(R-X) R is a hydrocarbon & X is a halogen] .. [Halogens are F,Cl,Br,I,At]

Front 2

oxygen containing functional groups // ALCOHOLS// R-OH

Back 2

has an "OH" bond .. usually has -ol ending; ie: Methanol .. water solluable

Front 3

oxygen containing functional groups// PHENOL

Back 3

An -OH group on a benzene ribg .

Front 4

oxygen containing functional group// ETHERS// R-O-R'

Back 4

Contains two hydrocarbons on both sides of a central oxygen atom. Low boiling point less soluble in water. ie; H³C-O-CH³

Front 5

oxygen containing functional group//ALDEHYDES

Back 5

contains carbonyl group (carbonyl group is C=O). Dipole dipole intermolecular force. Higher boiling points than alkanes, lower than alcohols.

Hint 5

Can end in hyde.

Front 6

oxygen containing functional group// KETONES

Back 6

Contain a carbonyl group with two attached hydrocarbon groups.

Front 7

oxygen containing functional group//CARBOXYLIC ACID

Back 7

contains carboxyl group, -COOH. Weak acids and more water soluble.

Front 8

oxygen containing functional group// ESTER

Back 8

Formed from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Has two oxygens.

Front 9

Nitrogen containing functional groups//AMINES

Back 9

one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydrocarbon. H-N-H, H-N-R¹, R²-N-R¹

Front 10

nitrogen containing functional groups//AMIDES

Back 10

O H
|| |
C. - N

Front 11

Alkanes

Back 11

Contains only single carbon-carbon bonds (C-C) saturated, combustion is the reaction of alkane.

Hint 11

CnH²n+²

Front 12

Aromatics

Back 12

Ring structure with alternating double and single carbon carbon bonds.. super stable.

Front 13

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Back 13

PAHs aromatic compounds that contain more than one ring.

Front 14

Alkenes

Back 14

Contain at least one double bond. Is unsaturated reactivity of alkanes is hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen. CnH2n

Front 15

Alkynes

Back 15

Contains at least one triple bond and is unsaturated.

Front 16

Carbon

Back 16

Carbon has four electrons in its outer shell and therefore can form four covalent bond. Carbon has four valence electrons and can be shared.

Front 17

carbon - hydrogen

Back 17

C-H bonds are nonpolar hydrophobic.

Front 18

Hydrocarbons

Back 18

Compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. They are nonpolar and have weak London forces.

Front 19

Cyclic Alkanes

Back 19

CnH²n .. unsaturated.. alkanes containing ringed structure.

Front 20

Polymerization

Back 20

Process to combine fundamental unit (monomers) into long chains (polymers)