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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basic elements of the Speech Communication Process
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Sender
Receiver Message Medium or channel Feedback Context Interference |
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Element of the Speech Communication Process that is considered the communication environment (physical location, time and attitude)
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Context
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Characteristics of Effective Speakers include:
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Audience-centered
Good development of ideas Good organization of ideas Best choice of words Good delivery skills Good research skills Appropriate use of humor Critical thinking skills |
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Three accepted types of formal speeches are:
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Persuasive
Informative Entertainment |
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Steps for the persuasive speech:
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Attention: gain attention of audience
Need: describe the problem Satisfaction: provide a solution Visualization: describe the solution Action: make an appeal for change |
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Topics for informative speeches are
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ideas
objects procedures people events |
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Guidelines for informative speech
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Adapt the topic to the audience
Motivate the audience Use redundancy Use simple is better concept Organize the topic in a logical manner Use clear transitions to move the listener through the topic Use both verbal and nonverbal reinforcement of ideas Use an even flow to deliver the information Build on the familiar Use visual aids |
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3 Speech opportunities
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Report presentations (authority or coworker)
Public Relations Speeches (public) Public information Speeches (media) |
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Steps for a successful report presentation
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Make an immediate statement of purpose
Explain how the information was gathered Present possible solution to the situation Tell the specific benefits and effects relating to the audience Anticipate any objections or questionss Provide written copy of report |
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Steps of the speech presentation process
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(Analyze the Audience)
Select the topic Determine the purpose Generate the main ideas Develop the central idea Gather supporting evidence Organize the speech Rehearse the speech Deliver the speech Evaluate the speech |
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Elements of analyzing the audience
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Demographics
Attitudes, beliefs and values Physical settings Audience adaptations |
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Ajusting the speech to fit the audience
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Audience adaptations
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Indicators of audience involvement
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Eye contact
Facial expressions Restlessness Nonverbal responses Verbal responses |
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Supporting date can be incorporated in to the speech in the following ways:
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Brief example
Hypothetical situation Analogy Statistics Testimony |
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3 parts (outline) of a speech
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Intro
Body Conclusion |
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The speech can be organized in one of the following 5 formats:
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Chronological: use timeline
Topical: describe idea into natural divisions Spatial: from one structure (training facility) to another Causal: cause and effect relationship Problem/solution: states a problem and follow with a solution |
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Strategies to organize a speech:
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Primacy: most important information at beginning of text
Recency: most important information at end Complexity: move from simple to complex Specificity: move from general to specific Sof-to-hard evidence: move from opinions to facts |
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Forms of speech delivery
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Extemporaneous delivery: relying on notes or outlines
Memorizing the text: Impromptu delivery: when caught off guard Reading the text: |
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Factors of nonverbal delivery are:
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eye contact
facial expressions gestures posture poise |
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Guidelines for establish appropriate gestures:
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appropriate:
variety: use both hands not just one consistent definite natural not too many |
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Vocal delivery elements
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Hearing: speak loud enough
Understanding: clear and proper pronounciation Interesting: use pitch and appropriate speed |
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Evaluate a speech base on these 3 goals:
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Speech must be understood by audience
Speech must achieve its intended purpose Speaker's efforts must be ethical |
