Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
alkene (olefin)
|
A hydrocarbon with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. (p. 279)
|
|
|
diene
|
A compound with two carbon-carbon double bonds. (p. 284)
|
|
|
triene
|
A compound with three carbon-carbon double bonds. (284)
|
|
|
tetraene
|
A compound with four carbon-carbon double bonds. (284)
|
|
|
allyl group
|
A vinyl group plus a methylene group:
CH₂=CH-CH₂- (p. 285) |
|
|
Bredt's rule
|
A stable bridged bicyclic compound cannot have a double bond at a bridgehead position unless one of the rings contains at least eight carbon atoms. (p. 295)
|
|
|
bicyclic
|
Containing two rings.
|
|
|
bridged bicyclic
|
Having at least one carbon atom in each of the three links connecting the bridgehead carbons.
|
|
|
bridgehead carbons
|
Those carbon atoms that are part of both rings, with three bridges of bonds connecting them.
|
|
|
catalytic cracking
|
The heating of petroleum products in the presence of a catalyst (usually an aluminosilicate mineral), causing bond cleavage to form alkenes and alkanes of lower molecular weight. (p. 309)
|
|
|
cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers)
|
Isomers that differ in their cis-trans arrangement on a ring or double bond.
Cis-trans isomers are a subclass of diastereomers. (p. 285) |
|
|
cis
|
Having similar groups on the same side of a double bond or a ring.
|
|
|
trans
|
Having similar groups on opposite sides of a double bond or a ring.
|
|
|
Z (stereochemical designation)
|
Having the higher-priority groups on the same side of a double bond.
|
|
|
E (stereochemical designation)
|
Having the higher-priority groups on opposite sides of a double bond.
|
|
|
dehalogenation
|
The elimination of a halogen (X₂) from a compound. Dehalogenation is formally a reduction. (p. 303)
|
|
|
dehydration
|
The elimination of water from a compound; usually acid-catalyzed. (p. 306)
|
|
|
dehydrogenation
|
The elimination of hydrogen (H₂) from a compound; usually done in the presence of a catalyst. (p. 309)
|
|
|
dehydrohalogenation
|
The elimination of hydrogen halide (HX) from a compound; usually base-promoted. (p. 298)
|
|
|
double-bond isomers
|
Constitutional isomers that differ only in the position of a double bond. Double-bond isomers hydrogenate to give the same alkane. (p. 291)
|
|
|
element of unsaturation
|
A structural feature that results in two fewer hydrogen atoms in the molecular formula.
A double bond or a ring is one element of unsaturation; a triple bond is two elements of unsaturation. (p. 281) |
|
|
geminal dihalide
|
A compound with two halogen atoms on the same carbon atom.
|
|
|
Heteroatom
|
Any atom other than carbon or hydrogen (p. 282)
|
|
|
Hofmann product
|
The least highly substituted alkene product. (p. 299)
|
|
|
Hydrogenation
|
Addition of hydrogen to a molecule. The most common hydrogenation is the addition of H2 across a double bond in the presence to a catalyst (catalytic hydrogenation). The value of
(-∆H°) for this reaction is called the heat of hydrogenation. (p. 290) |
|
|
olefin
|
An alkene (p. 279)
|
|
|
polymer
|
A substance of high molecular weight made by linking many small molecules, called monomers. (P. 289)
|
|
|
addition polymer
|
A polymer formed by simple addition of monomer units.
|
|
|
polyolefin
|
A type of addition polymer with an olefin serving as the monomer.
|
|
|
saturated
|
Having only single bonds; incapable of undergoing addition reactions. (p.281)
|
|
|
stereospecific reaction
|
A reaction in which different stereoisomers react to give different stereoisomers of the product. (p. 300).
|
|
|
trans-diaxial
|
An anti and coplanar arrangement allowing E2 elimination of two adjacent substituents on a cyclohexane ring. The substituents must be trans to each other, and both must be in axial positions on the ring. (p. 301)
|
|
|
unsaturated
|
Having multiple bonds that can undergo addition reactions. (p. 281)
|
|
|
vicinal dihalide
|
A compound with two halogens on adjacent carbon atoms. (p. 303)
|
|
|
vinyl group
|
An ethenyl group, CH₂=CH-. (p.285)
|
|
|
Zaitsev’s rule (Saytzeff’s rule)
|
An elimination usually gives the most stable alkene product, common the most substituted alkene.
Zaitsev’s rule does not always apply, especially with a bulky base or a bulky leaving group. (p. 291) |
|
|
Zaitsev’s elimination
|
An elimination that gives the Zaitsev product.
|
|
|
Zaitsev product
|
The most substituted alkene product.
|
