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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mandible is pulled slightly out of alignment, usually by spasms in one of the jaw muscles
results *in facial pain that radiates around the ear *inability to open the mouth fully |
TMJ syndrome or myofacial pain syndrome
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surrounds the eye, formed by the cranial and facial bones |
orbital complex |
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surrounds the nasal cavities formed by the cranial and facial bones |
nasal complex |
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air-filled chambers connected to the nasal cavities; lighten the skeleton and provide mucous epithelium |
paranasal sinuses |
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sinus inflammation and congestion; usuallly the maxillary sinuses; viral or bacterial infection causes and inflammation of mucous membrane of the nasal cavity; mucus drainage slows, congestion increases, headaches, and pressure in the sinuses
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sinusitis
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involves many different ossification centers |
Formation of the skull |
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steps of infant skull formation
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Development proceeds
ossification centers fuse smaller number of composite bones |
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fibrous areas between the cranial bones; quite flexible; they allow the skull to be distorted without damage- ex. frontal occipital, sphenoidal and mastoid |
Fontanels |
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disappear 1-2, months after birth |
Occipital, sphenoidal, and mastoid fontanel |
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Frontal fontanels |
will not disappear for 2 years |
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The skull of infants and adults differ in terms of |
the shape and structure of cranial elements; differences in proportions and size |
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premature closure of one or more fontanels, brain enlarges and the skull distorts to accommodate it
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Craniostenosis
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undersized head |
Microcephaly |
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components vetebrae, sacrum, and coccoyx |
Vertebral column |
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Provides a column of support supports the weight of the head, neck and trunk protect the spinal cord help maintain an upright body position five divisions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal |
Vertebrae |
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do not form a straight, rigid line |
Vertebrae |
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these four spinal curves bring the weight of the body in line with the body axis |
cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral curvature |
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thoracic and sacral curves, appear in fetal development; also called accomodation which accomodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera |
Primary curves |
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Lumbar and cervical curves, appear after birth, also called compensation curves-help shift the trunk weight over the limbs |
Secondary Curves |
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exaggerated thoracic curvature |
Kyphosis |
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exaggerated lumbar curvature |
Lordosis |
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abnormal lateral curvature |
Scoliosis |
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has a body, vertebral arch and articular processes
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Vertebral Anatomy
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transfers the weight along the axis of the vertebral column |
Body (centrum) |
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enclose the spinal canal- contains the spinal cord |
Vertebral Arch (neural arch) + vertebral foramen |
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wall of vertebral arch |
pedicle |
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roof of vertebral arch |
laminae |
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encloses the entire spinal cord |
vertebral canal |
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projects posteriorly from where the vertebral laminae fuse; what you can see and feel on your back |
spinous process (spinal process) |
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project lateral or dorsolaterally on both sides where the laminae join the pedicles; sites for muscle attachment; may articulate with the ribs |
transverse process |
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project from where the pedicles and laminae join |
articular processes |
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lie on each side of the vertebrae |
superior and inferior articular process |
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spaces between successive pedicles |
intervertebral foramina |
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vertebral laminae fail to unite during development; membranes (meniges) bulge outward |
spina bifida |
