Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Intracellular vs Extracellular Digestion
|
Intra refers to digestion within the cell itself like in the case of glycolysis and cellular respiration. Extracellular digestion refers to digestion that takes place outside the borders of the cell
|
|
Alimentary Canal
|
The lumen where digestion takes place in the human body. It is the tube that connect the mouth to the anus.
|
|
Two functions of digestive tract
|
Digestion and Absorption
|
|
Two types of digestion
|
Mechanical (the breaking of materials physical tructure) and Chemical (the breaking of chemical bonds)
|
|
Early path of the Digestive Tract
|
Pharynx---Esophagus---Stomach---Small Intestine---Large Intestine
|
|
Accesory Organs Involved in Digestion
|
Pancreas, Liver, Gall Bladder
|
|
Two components of the Epithelial Layer
|
MUCOUS MEMBRANE which is the outer layer that is reponsible for the exchange of materials and the BASEMENT MEMBRANE that functions as the foundation of the mucous membrane
|
|
Six Types of Epithelia and Description
|
1) Simple=One layer
2) Stratified=More than one layer 3) Psedostratified=Looks like multiple layer but is really one layer 4) Cuboidal=Cells shaped like cubes 5) Columnar=Cells shaped like columns 6) Sqamous=Cells that are scale like (SSP--CCS) |
|
Oral Cavity Function
|
Mastication
|
|
Function of Mastication
|
Increase surface are of the food so that there is a greater chemical interaction between nutrients and chemical digestive compounds
|
|
Saliva Function
|
1) Lubrication through coating the food
2) Contains SALIVARY AMYLASE also known as PTYALIN and LIPASE |
|
Ptyalin and Lipase
|
Lipase hydrolizes lipids while Ptyalin hydrolyzes starch
|
|
Cavity that connect mouth and esophagus
|
Pharynx
|
|
Covers the trachea during swolloing
|
Epiglottis
|
|
Esophageal Muscular Control
|
Only about the top third is composed of STRIATED SKELATAL MUSCLE which can be controlled. The rest is SMOOTH MUSCLE that operates under MYOGENIC ACTIVITY and cannot be controlled.
|
|
Muscle Contraction Moving Food
|
Peristalsis which is the rythmic contraction of smooth muscle which moves the BOLUS down the esophageal tube
|
|
Link Between Esophagus and Stomach
|
Cardiac Sphincter or Lower Esophageal Sphincter
|
|
Two glands of the Stomach Mucosa
|
Gastric Glands and Pyloric Glands
|
|
Gastric Glands: Cellular Composition (3) and Function
|
1) Chief Cells: Secrets PEPSINOGEN which is related to PEPSIN which cleaves protiens into smaller fragments
2) Parietal Cells: Secrets Hydrocholic Acid 3) Mucous Cells:Secret the mucos membrane that protects the stomach |
|
Pyloric Glands
|
Secrets GASTRIN HORMONE which signals the parietal cells release more HCl.
|
|
Name for former food after processed in stomach
|
Chyme
|
|
Stomach is primarily a_________.
|
Digestive site (not absorbtion)
|
|
Link between Stomach and Doudenum
|
Pyloric Sphincter
|
|
Three Sections of Small Inestine
|
Doudenum, Jenjunum, Ileum
|
|
These increase the surface area of the small intestine to increase the absorption.
|
Villi and Microvilli
|
|
Most of digestion occurs in the________.
|
Doudenum
|
|
Ideal pH for Pancreatic Enzymes
|
8.5
|
|
_______neutralizes acidic chyme.
|
Bicarbonate
|
|
Responsible for Carbohydrate Digestion
|
Pancreatice Amylase
|
|
Responsible for Protien Digestion
|
Trypsinogen, Chymotrysinogen, Elastinogen, Carboxypeptidase. All are activated by ENTEROKINASE
|
|
Resonsiple for Lipid Digestion
|
Lipase
|
|
Cholecystokinin
|
Hormone released by the small intestine as chyme move out of the stomach that signals the release of BILE from the GALL BLADDER. Bile is made in the liver and is released into the doudenum through the BILE DUCT.
|
|
Bile: mechanical or chemical digestion.
|
Mechanical
|
|
Role of Bile
|
EMULSIFY fat and cholesterol and and turn into miscells
|
|
Secretic
|
Causes pancreatic juice to be released from the pancreas
|
|
Disaccharidases released by the small intestine
|
Maltase, Lactase, Sucrase
|
|
Enterogasterone
|
Slows the movement of high-fat chyme to allow for greater digesion
|
|
Sites of absorption
|
Jenjunum and Ileum
|
|
Movement of Amino Acids and Sugar into bloodstream
|
A gradient is created between intestinal capillary blood and epithelial cells. These compound move from the epithelial cells to the blood stream via ACTIVE TRANSPORT and FACILITATED DIFFUSION. Molecules then move to the LIVER via the HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM
|
|
Fats move into the intestinal capillaries throug_______.
|
Diffusion (no need for transport)
|
|
Chylomicrons
|
Packages of triglycerides and enter the lymphatic system through LACETALS
|
|
Vitamin Absorption
|
Water Soluble: A,D,E,K
Fat Soluble: B,C |
|
Function of Colon
|
Absorbing water and salt
|
|
Three Section of Large Intestine
|
Cecum (small pocket that is connected to APPENDIX), Colon, Rectum
|