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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phenol
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Disruption of plasma membrane, denaturation of enzymes. Rarely used.
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Phenolic
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Disruption of plasma membrane, denaturation of enzymes. Environmental surfaces, instruments, skin surfaces, and mucous membranes.
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What are the advantages of pheolics over phenol?
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1. Nonirritating
2. Relatively Odorless 3. More Effective 4. Less Toxic Ex: cresols (Lysol) hexacholorphene (pHisoHex) |
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Biguanides
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chlorhexidine
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What are examples of halogens?
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Iodine (tincture of iodine, betadine, and isodine), chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite (bleach, clorox), choramines
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Alcohols
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Usually act by denaturing protein in the pathogens. This action is also the reason why they are poor antiseptics when applied to wounds since they will coagulate (denature) a layer of protein in the would in which the bacteria will contiune to grow.
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What are two types of alcohol?
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Ethanol & Isopropal
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How is isopropal better than ethanol?
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Better as an antiseptic and disinfectant since it is less volatile, less expensive, and more easily obtained.
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What are heavy metals and their componants?
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Silver in silver nitrate, mercuric chloride, copper sulfate, zinc chloride.
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soap
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least effective antimicrobial agent but is important to wash hands for the mechanical removal of microbes.
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Quaternary ammounium Compounds (Quats)
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these are cationic detergents and are the most widely used surface active agents. Effective againstgram positive bacteria and gram negatives to some degree.
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Are quats amoebecidal, vicuical (enveloped viruses), and fungicidal
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YES
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Do quats kill endosporesor tuberculosis bacteria
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NO
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Examples of quats
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Zephhiran and Cepactol (If your mouthwash foams when you shake it, it contains quat.
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Examples of Organce acid and their derivatives (chemical good preserv)
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sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, calcium propinate
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Aldehyes
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formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde
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gaseous chemosterilizers
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gas frequently used in ethylene oxide
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peroxygens
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oxidizing agents
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Examples of peroxygens
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hydrogen pyroxide. ozone, benzoyl peroxide
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What is hydrogen peroxide not a good antiseptic?
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because it is broken down by catalase to produce water & oxygen
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