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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chipset
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northbridge and southbridge
extends the data bus to every device on the PC |
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keyboard controller
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early computers
southbridge now handles |
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North Bridge
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high speed interfaces
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Basic input/output services
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BIOS
how the CPU talks to each device program stored that teaches about how to use a device (keyboard, mouse) |
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ROM chip -
Read only memory |
stores programs (services)
nonvolatile (is not erased) Read only |
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flash ROM
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modern computers
update and change by flashing the ROM |
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system ROM
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every motherboard owns one
contains code that enables CPU to talk to basic hardware |
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system BIOS
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hundreds of little programs stored on the system ROM chip on the motherboard
talks to all of the hardware |
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firmware
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programs stored on ROM chips
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Complementary Metal-Oxide semiconductor (CMOS)
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stores the information that describes specific device parameters
does NOT store programs acts as clock to keep time and date stores data that is read by BIOS to complete programs needed to talk to changeable hardware |
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Updating CMOS
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access program at boot
do not save anything! unless you are 100% sure |
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CMOS setup program/ system setup utility
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built into system ROM
enables you to access and update CMOS data |
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soft menu
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change voltage and multiplier settings on the motherboard for the CPU from the defaults
overclocking tend to stay away from here |
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advanced BIOS features
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select boot option here
dumping ground for all of the settings that arent covered |
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chassis intrusion detection
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alerts the user if the case has been opened
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advanced chipset features
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low level chipset functions
avoid this screen |
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integrated peripherals
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use often
configure, enable, or disable onboard devices |
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Power management setup
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set up the power management settings for the system
how and when devices turn off and on to conserve power |
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PnP/PCI Configurations
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Plug and Play
how devices automatically work when you snap them into your PC never use this screen/ obsolete |
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Drive Lock Passwords
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ATA security mode
user password and master password |
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max security mode
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drive is accessible only with the user password
master can reset password, but all of the data is destroyed if both passwords are lost, the drive is unusable, the passwords are stored on the hardrive |
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Trusted Platform Mode (TPM)
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secure cryptoprocesor
hard disk encryption password protection DRM (digital rights management) |
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Option ROM
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bring your own bios (BYOB)
put the BIOS on the hardware device itself |
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Device Drivers
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a file stored on the PC's hard drive that contains all of the commands necessary to talk to whatever device it was written to support
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installation disk
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CD-ROM that includes the device drivers
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device manager
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system applet in control panel
hardware tab device manager button |
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Power on Self Test POST
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checks the system on every boot
beep codes and text messages |
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beep codes
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POST test
if anything goes wrong used for missing or bad video |
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series of short beeps after the computer has been running
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CPU alarm is telling you that the CPU is approaching heat limit
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RAM missing Beep code
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strange beeps that repeat until system is shut off
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end of successful POST
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PC produces one or two short beeps
all is well |
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Text errors
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display on the screen after the video has tested okay
self explanatory |
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POST card
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when the PC acts dead on boot
no beeps small LED readout states what device the POST is on |
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when to use POST card
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when a beep or text makes no sense
keeps locking up some device has stalled the post FF or 00 everything passed - POST is over - time to check OS |
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bootstrap loader
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few dozen lines of BIOS code tacked to the end of the POST
finds the OS |
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boot sector
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almost all storage devices can be configured to boot an OS
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bootable disk / system disk
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and device with a functional operating system
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CMOS clears / deletes
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battery keeps it alive / clock alive
any PC after 2002 will boot to factory defaults CMOS config mismatch CMOS date/time not set No boot device available CMOS battery state low |
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chip creep
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heating and cooling of chips
expanding and shrinking causes the chips to move out of the mounts |
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Clock resets to Jan 1 on every reboot
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battery on the motherboard is losing its charge
change - ESD! keep plugged in and it wont lose data |
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flashing the BIOS
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flash ROM chips can be reprogrammed to update their contents
check the internet for updates and download them to install run a small command-line program combined with an update file |
