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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was the first scientist to describe lving cells as seen through a simple microscope?
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Van Leeuwenhoek
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Who was the scientist who observed that cork was composed of tiny, hollow boxes that he called cells?
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Hooke
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Who was the scientist who concluded that all animals are composed of cells?
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Schwann
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Who was the scientist who concluded that all plants are composed of cells?
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Schleiden
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What uses two or more glass lenses to magnify either living cells or prepared slides?
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Compound Light Microscope
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What is the microscope that allowed scientists to view molecules?
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Electron Microscope
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What cell type lacks internal membrane-bound structures, does NOT have a nucleus, and are single-celled organisms?
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Prokaryotes
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What cell type can either be a single-celled or multi-celled and contains organelles?
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Eukaryotes
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What cell type is small and simple and are bacteria?
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Prokaryotes
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What cell type is larger, has membrane-bound organelles, and has a nucleus?
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Eukaryote
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What do both prokaryote and eukaryote cell types have in common?
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Have ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and some have flagella
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How do living cells maintain balance?
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By controlling materials that enter and leave
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What allows only certain particles to pass through and keeps other particles out?
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Plasma Membrane
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What allows differents cells to carry on different activities withing the same organism?
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Selective Permeability
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What must a cell do to maintain homeostasis?
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Regulate internal concentrations of water, glucose, and other nutrients and must eliminate waste products
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What contains glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and phosphate group?
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Phospholipid
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Once proteins are made, where do they go?
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Golgi Apparatus
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If a compound light microscope magnifies 10 times what is its magnification?
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40 X 100 X 400 X 1000 X
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What are some characteristics of cell theory?
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Cells are the basic units of structure and organization of organisms, all cells come from preexisting (old) cells, all organisms are composed of one or more cells
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How does cholesterol help stabilize the phospholipids?
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By preventing their fatty acid tails from sticking together
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Why can water interact with the cell membrane?
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Water is polar
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What organelle is responsible for transforming energy?
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Mitochondrion
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What is the function of plasma membrane?
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Gateway
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What molecule can pass freely through plasma membrane?
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Water
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What does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not have?
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One large vacuole
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What does an animal cell have that a plant cell does not have?
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Centrioles
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Small, specialized structures each having a specific function in the cell.
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Organelles
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A process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out.
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Selective Permeability
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The flexible boundary between the cell and its environment, to alow a steady supply of nutrients to come into the cell no matter what the external conditions.
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Plasma Membrane
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The central membrane-bound organelle that manages or controls cellular functions.
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Nucleus
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A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection.
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Cell Wall
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An organelle in a eukaryote cell that is the site of cellular chemical reactions.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Clear, gelatinous fluid inside a cell.
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Cytoplasm
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Strands of the genetic material, DNA, that condenses to form chromosomes.
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Chromatin
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Organelles tht contain digestive enzymes.
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Lysosomes
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Membrane-bound compartments for temporary storage of materials
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Vacuoles
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An organelle that is a flattened stack of tubular membranes taht modifies the proteins.
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Golgi Apparatus
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Cell organelles that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy.
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Chloroplasts
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Plant organelles which are used for storage; some store starches or lipids, others contain pigments, molecules that give color.
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Plastids
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Traps light energy and gives leaves and stems their green color.
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Chlorophyll
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Membrane-bound organelles in plant and animal cells that transform energy for the cell.
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Mitochondria
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An organelle that is a flattened stack of tubular membranes taht modifies the proteins.
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Golgi Apparatus
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Cell organelles that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy.
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Chloroplasts
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Plant organelles which are used for storage; some store starches or lipids, others contain pigments, molecules that give color.
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Plastids
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Traps light energy and gives leaves and stems their green color.
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Chlorophyll
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Membrane-bound organelles in plant and animal cells that transform energy for the cell.
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Mitochondria
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A network of tiny rods and filaments.
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Cytoskeleton
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Thin, hollow cylinders made of protein.
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Microtubules
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Smaller, solid protein fibers.
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Microfilaments
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These maintain the shape of the cell and anchor and support many organelles and provide a "highway system" through which materials move within the cell.
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Microtubules and Microfilaments
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Organelles found in the cells of animals and most protists.
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Centrioles
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Organelles made of microtubules that aid the cell in locomotion or feeding.
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Cilia and Flagella
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Short, numerous projections that look like hairs.
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Cilia
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Longer projections that move with a whip-like motion.
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Flagella
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The model of the plasma membrane.
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Fluid Mosaic Model
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Move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane.
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Transport Proteins
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What is a prominent organelle that makes ribosomes?
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Nucleolus
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What did people believe caused diseases before microscopes were invented?
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Curses and supernatural spirits
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Uses a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps.
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Compound Light Microscope
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Used to scan the surfaces of cells to learn their three-dimensional shape.
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SEM Scanning Electron Microscope
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Used to study the structures contained within a cell.
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TEM Transmission Electron Microscope
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Uses the flow of electrons to create computer images of atoms on the surface of a molecule.
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STM Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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This is critical for the formation and function of the plasma membrane; it is made of two nonpolar fatty tails and one phosphate group that is polar.
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Phospholipid Bilayer
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What gives the cell its flexibility?
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Proteins at the inner surface of a plasma membrane.
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A carbohydrate that forms a thick, tough mesh of fibers.
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Cellulose
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It's job is to make proteins.
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Ribosomes
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"Protein packages" or membrane-bound structures that are sent to the appropriate destination.
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Vesicles
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Compare the number of vacuoles in plant cells and animal cells.
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Plant cells have one large vacuole. Animal cells have several smaller vacuols.
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Ribosomes in the cytoplasm that are attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum that carry out the function of protein synthesis.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Areas of the ER that are not studded with ribosome that are involved in numerous biochemical activities, including the production and storage of lipids.
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Support structure of cells within the cytoplasm.
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Cytoskeleton
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It has an outer membrane and a highly folded inner membrane.
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Mitochondria (Mitochondrion)
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A constantly changing structure that changes a cell's shape.
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Cytoskeleton
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Organelle that digests material in the cell.
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Lysosomes
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