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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transport Proteins |
Provide a pathway by which materials can enter or leave cells. |
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Selectively Permeable Membrane |
Controls which materials enter and leave the cell. |
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Passive transport |
Doesn't require energy |
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Active transport |
Requires energy |
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Diffusion |
The passive transport of a substance from a region where it is more concentrated to a region where it is less concentrated. |
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Simple diffusion |
The passive transmembrane movement of a substance without the assistance of any membrane components. |
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Osmosis |
The diffusion of water across the selectively permeable membrane. |
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Hypotonic solution |
An external medium that is more watery than the cytosol of the cell. |
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Hypertonic solution |
Is an external medium that is less watery than the cytosol. |
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Isotonic solution |
Is "just right" in that it's solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell under consideration. |
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Osmoregulation |
Constant balancing act to maintain an appropriate amount of salt and water inside each cell. |
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Facilitated diffusion |
The passive transmembrane movement of a substance with the assistance of membrane transport proteins. |
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Channel proteins |
Enable substances of the right size and charge to move passively through the plasma membrane. |
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Carrier proteins |
Recognizes binds and transports a specific cargo molecule. |
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Passive carrier proteins |
Assist in the diffusion of ions and molecules that are distributed unevenly between the two sides of a biological membrane. |
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Active carrier proteins |
Can move molecules across the plasma membrane with the aid of an energy rich molecule such as ATP |
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Exocytosis |
Cells release substances into their surroundings by fusing membrane enclosed vesicles with the plasma membrane. |
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Endocytosis |
A section of plasma membrane bulges inward to form a pocket around extra cellular fluid selected molecules or whole particles. |
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Pinocytosis |
Cells take in fluid this way |
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Receptors |
Specialized proteins that interact with specific substances in the exterior environment. |
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Receptor mediated endocytosis |
Specialized receptor proteins embedded in the plasma membrane determine which substances will be selected for incorporation into the vesicles arising from that membrane region. |
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Phagocytosis |
Large scale version of endocytosis in that it involves the ingestion of particles considerably larger than macromolecules. |
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Cell junctions |
Plasma membrane structures that interconnect adjacent cells |
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Anchoring junctions |
Structures formed by patches of proteins located for the most part on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane |
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Tight junctions |
Structures formed by belts of proteins that run alone the plasma membrane |
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Gap junctions |
Most widespread type of cellular connections in animals |
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Plasmodesmata |
Tunnels that breach the cell walls between two cells and connect their cytoplasm |
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Signaling molecules |
Could be ions small molecules the size of amino acid or large molecules the size of proteins. |
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Target cell |
Localized in the plasma membrane or somewhere in the cytoplasm |
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Signal transduction pathways |
Plasma membrane receptors bind their signaling molecules at the cell surface and must relay receipt of the signals to the cytoplasm through a series of cellular events. |
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Hormones |
Long lasting signaling molecules that can act over long distances. |
