• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/19

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
History of Intelligence Testing
• The history of clinical psychology is tied to the assessment of intelligence
• Began with Binet-Simon in France 1905
• Prior to this, the study of individual differences had already begun in England with Francis Galton
• Work of Wechsler in creating tests for children & adults has been significant
• 1960s – intelligence tests became unpopular due to unfairness of tests to the minorities
II. Concept of Intelligence
• Definition: complex concept on the basis of biological & psychological factors (equally)
Wechsler’s Definition: (most comprehensive)
o Intelligence defined as logical thinking, rational behavior & effective action
• Psychological Definition
o Intelligence has been defined as problem solving ability (thinking, reasoning, & problem-solving)
• Biological definition
o Related to the functioning of cortical cells of the brain
• I.Q.
o Short for intelligence quotient
o The numerical value of intelligence, determined in the following ways:
• Ratio IQ
Determined by using the Binet formula: MA/CA*100=IQ

o Since intellectual growth is more rapid in the earlier years, the Binet formula.

o Binet formula doesn’t work for adults
• Deviation IQ
 Environmental mental interventions change I.Q. scores
 Was introduced by Wechsler. Assumes that intelligence is normally distributed throughout a population
• School Success
 I.Q. correlates positively with school success & achievement
 I.Q. correlates positively with school success & achievement
• Heredity & Intelligence
 Genetic factors influence intelligence I.Q. of identical twins correlates about 86%

 Environmental mental interventions change I.Q. scores
• Stability of I.Q. Scores
 I.Q. scores remain stable since each person’s performance is compared with persons of his/her age group
 However, IQ scores do change
 Clinicans state the “present level of intellectual functioning” in discussing I.Q. scores
• Stanford-Binet Scales
o Created in 1905 by Binet-Simon, the test has undergone many revisions
o Recently, a more new revision has appeared
o Best age range for this test 12-13 years
• Wechsler scales
o 1939, Wechsler Bellevue Intelligence Scale for adults was created by David Wechsler
o using deviation I.Q., the Wechsler tests yield 3 I.Q. scores:
• verbal
• performance
• full scale
What is the average and standard deviation for I.Q. scores?
mean: 100

standard deviation: 15
o Wechsler also created the following 3 tests which have been revised
• Wechsler Pre-School Intelligence
• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) 17+
• Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) 6-17
• Distribution of I.Q. scores
• 0-70: mentally retarded
• 90-110: normal range
• 130-above: gifted range
o Reliability
• Defined as the consistency of a test to give the same or nearly the same scores if it’s used more than once
o Validity
• The degree to which a test measures a dimension or criteria intended to be measured
• It’s also the power of prediction of a test.
• The degree to which a test measures a dimension or criteria intended to be measured
• It’s also the power of prediction of a test.