Chapter 7

Front 1

flagella

Back 1

whiplike tails that help bacteria move

Front 2

fission

Back 2

a process that produces two new cells with genetic material identical to each other and that of the original cell; the simplest form of asexual reproduction

Front 3

aerobe

Back 3

an organism that uses oxygen for respiration

Front 4

anaerobe

Back 4

an organism that is adapted to live without oxygen

Front 5

prokaryotic

Back 5

cells without membrane-bound organelles

Front 6

antibiotics

Back 6

chemicals that limit the growth of other bacteria

Front 7

saprophyte

Back 7

any organism that uses dead organisms as food and energy sources

Front 8

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Back 8

bacteria that change nitrogen from the air into forms that plants and animals can use

Front 9

bioremediation

Back 9

using organisms to help clean up or remove environmental pollutants

Front 10

pathogen

Back 10

any organism that causes disease

Front 11

toxins

Back 11

poisonous substances produced by some bacterial pathogens

Front 12

endospores

Back 12

thick-walled structures produced by some bacteria when conditions are unfavorable for survival. Endospores can resume growth, develop into regular bacterial cells, and produce toxins again when the conditions are favorable.

Front 13

pasteurization

Back 13

a process of heating food to a temperature that kills most harmful bacteria but causes little change to the taste of the food

Front 14

vaccine

Back 14

a preparation made from killed bacteria or damaged particles from bacterial cell walls or viruses that can prevent some bacterial and viral diseases