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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the 4th stage of Glucose Metabolism?
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Oxidative phosphorylation
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What happens in the 4th stage of Glucose Metabolism?
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High energy electrons are removed from NADH and FADH2 to make ATP.
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism typically requires the presence of what?
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Oxygen.
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism is an oxidative process involving what?
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The electron transport chain.
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism. Phosphorylation occurs by what Enzyme?
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ATP synthase
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism. What is the Electron transport chain? (ECT)
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Group of protein complexes and small organic molecules embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism . The ECT can accept and donate electrons in a linear manner in a series of what reactions?
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Redox – one molecules looses an electron and another molecules gains an electron. The electrons are passed around.
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism. ECT. Movement of electrons generates what kind of gradient?
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H+ electrochemical gradient/proton–motive force. There is an excess of positive charge outside of the matrix.
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism. ECT. Since there is a greater number of H+ molecules on the outside what do they want to do?
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Go inside.
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism. ETC. Lipid bi–layer of inner mitochondrial membrane is relatively (impermable/permable) to H+
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impermable, but there is a place it can get through.
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ECT 4th stage of Glucose Metabolism. Where does the H+ get through the ECT?
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It passes through ATP synthase. (Enzyme)
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What happens with H+ goes through ATP Synthase?
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ATP Synthase(enzyme) harnesses free energy released to synthesize ATP from ADP
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism ECT. What is Chemiosmosis?
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The Chemical synthesis of ATP as a result of pushing H+ across a membrane
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism. ATP Synthase. How is the energy converted?
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H+ electrochemical gradient pushes stuff into a chemical bond energy to form ATP.
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism. ATP Synthase. What is the ATP made up of?
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ADP + Pi and H+ make ATP through ATP Synthase.
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism. ATP Synthase moves in what way? Why?
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ATP Synthase moves in a rotary machine that makes ATP as it spins
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism. ATP Synthase. What is the first turn for? What is the second turn for? 2 part process.
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First turn bonds tightly to form the molecule, second turn bonds weakly and release the molecule.
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4th stage of Glucose Metabolism. ATP Synthase. How many ATP molecules per glucose?
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30–34 ATP
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What other organic molecules can be used for energy?
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Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
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What is the difference with the other organic molecules and Glucose that create energy?
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The other organic molecules enter in glycolysis or citric acid cycles at different points
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Why do these organic molecules use the same pathways as Glucose for breakdown?
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It increases efficiency
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What is anabolsim?
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It is the same process as metabolism but on other molecules. It gets a different name.
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In environments that lack sufficient oxygen how is energy made? What are the processes called?
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Anaerobic metabolism and fermentation
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Anaerobic metabolism. What is it?
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Use of substances other than O2 as final electron acceptor in electron transport chain.
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Fermentation. What is it?
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ATP made via glycolysis ONLY. Needs to regenerate NAD+ to keep glycolysis running. It produces far lessATP
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What are some examples of Fermentation?
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Muscles producing lactate and Yeast making ethanol.
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