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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Essential Nutrients |
Must be provided, cannot make on our own |
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Macronutrients |
Required in large amounts; proteins, carbs |
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Micronutrients |
Trace elements; small amounts; assist enzymes or proteins |
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Heterotroph |
"Other-feeding" Take in organics made by other organisms |
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Autotroph |
Self-feeding Photosynthetic or chemosynthetic |
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Chemotroph |
Gain energy from chemical compounds |
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Phototrophs |
Gain energy through photosynthesis |
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Saprophytes |
Feed on organics from dead organisms |
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Parasites |
Derive nutrients from host & harm |
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Environmental factors affecting microbes |
Temp. Oxygen requirements pH Osmotic pressure |
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Minimum temperature |
Lowest temp. that permits a microbe's growth and metabolism |
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Maximum temperature |
Highest temp. that permits a microbe's growth and metabolism |
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Optimum temperature |
Promotes the fastest rate of growth and metabolism |
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Psychrophiles |
Optimum temp. below 15'C Capable of growth at 0'C Thrives in cold |
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Mesophiles |
Optimum temp. 20'-40'C Most human pathogens |
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Thermophiles |
Thrive in temp. greater than 45'C High heat |
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Aerobe |
Utilizes oxygen and can detoxify it |
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Obligate aerobe |
Cannot grow without oxygen |
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Facultative anaerobe |
Utilizes oxygen but can also grow with out it |
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Microaerophile |
Requires a small amount of oxygen |
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Anaerobe |
Does no use oxygen |
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Obligate anaerobe |
Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen |
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Aerotolerant anaerobes |
Do not use oxygen but can survive and grow with it |
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Neutrophiles |
Microbes that grow at a pH between 6 and 8 |
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Acidophiles |
Grow at extreme acid pH |
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Alkalinophiles |
Grow at extreme alkaline pH |
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Halophiles |
Require a high concentration of salt |
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Osmotolerant |
Do not require high concentration of solute but can tolerate it |
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Symbiotic |
Organisms live in close nutritional relationships; required by one or both members |
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Mutualism |
Obligatory dependent; both members benefit. |
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Commensalism |
The commensal benefits; other member not harmed |
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Parasitism |
One member is dependent and benefits while harming the other |
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Nonsymbiotic |
Organisms are free-living; relationships not required for survival |
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Generation |
Time is takes for doubling of bacteria |
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Lag phase |
Period of adjustment, slow growth |
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Log phase |
Increasingly rapid growth |
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Stationary phase |
Rate of cell reproduction=Rate of cells dying |
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Death phase |
Exponential cell death |
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Catabolism |
Burns fuel to release energy |
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Anabolism |
Energy is used to build cell chemicals |
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Oxidation |
LOSING electrons |
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Reduction |
GAINING electrons |
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Protein structure levels |
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary |
