Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
what kind of plants produce seeds?
|
gymnosperms and angiosperms
|
what kind of plants do you hate the most?
|
|
|
where do gymnosperms produce seeds?
|
on or near bracts
|
imagine being in gym with seeds in your braces
|
|
|
what are bracts?
|
exposed leaves found on cones
|
what are bracets? exposed little boxes on teeth
|
|
|
where do angiosperms produce seeds?
|
inside the ovaries
|
|
|
|
where do seeds develop from?
|
sporagnia attached to modified leaves (the sporophylls of a cone or carpels of a flower). the ovule forms as an attachment to a modified leaf and develops into a seed after fertilization. the outer layers of the ovule (integuments- usually one or two) harden to become the seed coat.
|
|
|
|
what are integuments?
|
the outer layers of the ovule which harden into a seed coat after fertilization
|
|
|
|
in gymnosperms, the ovulate cone typically has __ scales with each fertilized ovule developing into a seed sitting _____ the scale
|
2, atop
|
|
|
|
in angiosperms, seeds develop as fertilized ovules inside the ovary, which forms the base of the carpel. the ovary eventually matures into a fruit.
|
no question.
|
|
|
|
a gymnosperm contains an embryo with several ______ attached to a _________ and an ____________
|
cotyledons, short stem, embryonic root
|
|
|
|
dicot seeds contain an embryo with ________, prominent cotyledons that contain ________, _________, and _________.
|
fleshy, starch, protein, lipids
|
|
|
|
in dicots, the cotyledons attach to a _________ that culminates in the embryonic root called a ______________
|
short stem, radicle
|
|
|
|
in monocot seeds contain a ______ (size) embryo and a ________ (size) endosperm
|
small, large
|
|
|
|
the monocot embryo has __ (#) cotyledons known as (a) ________
|
1 scutellum
|
1 cotyledon is a CUTE number and the word CUTE is found in the name!
|
|
|
what is the scutellum (the one cotyledon in monocots) attached to?
|
an embryonic axis containing shoot and root meristems
|
|
|
|
a layer of protein called the ____________ surround the endosperm in monocot seeds and responds to signals from the scutellum by producing ______ to break down ______
|
aleurone, enzymes, starch
|
mark marone, al's, lazy cousin
|
|
|
what is the name of a PASSIVE process that begins seed germination in which the dry seed takes up water like a sponge?
|
imbibition
|
what does colleen do when she takes up beer like a sponge?
|
|
|
_______ _______ serves as a kind of clock to prevent seeds from germinating during winter warm spells
|
abscisic acid
|
|
|
|
what is the first sign that germination is occuring?
|
the busting of the radicle through the seed coat
|
|
|
|
what is the name of the embryonic shoot that begins to grow?
|
plumule
|
|
|
|
what is the name of the germination that occurs in which the cotyledons remain underground?
|
hypogeous
|
think another term for BELOW, and another term for EARTH
|
|
|
in what type of plants does hypogeous germination occur?
|
some dicots and most monocots
|
a bad day occurs when you have have hypothermia and mono
|
|
|
in what type of germination do the cotyledons push above the soil?
|
epigeous
|
you can't watch the EPI tonight because the homework is ABOVE your head, another name for EARTH
|
|
|
in what type of plants does epigeous germination occur?
|
most dicots and some monocots
|
it's a good day when you go to epcot center and see a ...
|
|
|
through what process are asexual seeds produced?
|
apomixis
|
people who have to be asexual are a poor at mixin'
|
|
|
what are 4 functions of the fruit?
|
1. protect embryo from drying out
2. protect from diseases and herbivores 3. promote seed distribution when animals eat fruit 4. provide ready-made fertilizer for seed |
|
|
|
what is another name for the ovary wall?
|
pericarp
|
|
|
|
what are the three parts of the pericarp (ovary wall)?
|
1. exocarp (skin)
2.mesocarp (middle) 3. endocarp (inner) |
easy
|
|
|
what are the 3 general types of fruits?
|
1. simple
2. aggregate 3. multiple |
|
|
|
what are simple fruits?
|
fruits that develop from 1 carpel or several fused carpels
|
|
|
|
what are aggregate fruits?
|
fruits that originate from one flower that hasd many carpels
|
|
|
|
what are multiple fruits?
|
fruits that devlop from the carpels of more than one flower ina sincgle inflorescence
|
|
|
|
what are the 5 types of simlpe FLESHY fruits and give an example of each.
|
1. berries
2. hesperidia (orange) 3. pepos (pumpkin) 4. drupes (olives) 5. pomes (pears) |
simple fleshy: bhpdp
brendan hor. peels dirty pears |
|
|
what are the 2 main categories of simple DRY fruits?
|
dehiscent and indehiscent
|
|
|
|
what are dehiscent fruits?
|
dry fruits that split open at maturity to shed seeds
|
|
|
|
what are indehiscent fruits?
|
dry fruits that remain closed at maturity
|
|
|
|
what are 4 types w/ examples of dehiscent dry fruits?
|
1. follicles (milkweed)
2. legumes (beans) 3. siliques (cabbage) 4. capsules (poppies) |
|
|
|
what are 5 type w/ examples of indehiscent dry fruits?
|
1. nuts
2. schizocarps (carrot) 3. achenes (strawberry) 4. samaras (elm tree) 5. carypses (rice) |
|
|
|
how are seeds transported?
|
water, air, being eaten, getting stuck on animals
|
|
|
|
what are 4 types w/ examples of dehiscent dry fruits?
|
1. follicles (milkweed)
2. legumes (beans) 3. siliques (cabbage) 4. capsules (poppies) |
|
|
|
what are 5 type w/ examples of indehiscent dry fruits?
|
1. nuts
2. schizocarps (carrot) 3. achenes (strawberry) 4. samaras (elm tree) 5. carypses (rice) |
|
|
|
how are seeds transported?
|
water, air, being eaten, getting stuck on animals
|
|
