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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a macule?
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Small, up to 1 cm. Example: freckle, petechia
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What is a patch?
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Larger than 1 cm. Example: vitiligo
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What is a papule?
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Up to 1 cm. Example: elevated nevus
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What is a plaque?
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A flat, elevated surface larger than 1 cm, often formed by the coalescence of papules
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What is a vesicle?
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Up to 1 cm; filled with serous fluid. Example: herpes simplex
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What is a bulla?
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Greater than 1 cm; filled with serous fluid. Example: 2nd-degree burn
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What are keloids?
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The scare gets bigger and looks more brand new everyday
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What causes keloids?
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myofibroblasts
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What are myofibroblasts?
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if musc/fibroblasts had a baby, which continues to do tissue repair without stopping
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What puts you at greater risk for myofibroblasts?
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The more darkly pigmeted skin you have
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What causes ringworm?
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Trichophyton or Mircrosporum
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What is another name for ringworm?
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Tinea + the body part
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What is Candida albicans
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A yeast-like fungal infection
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What are the predespositions of C. albicans?
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diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, poor ntr
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What is impetigo?
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Staph A/Group A beta hemolytic infection commonly on hands and face
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Where is impetigo commonly seen?
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hands and face, which is superficial and epidermal skin only
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What is ecthyma?
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An ulcerative form of impetigo (dermis and epidermis)
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What is erysipelas?
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Skin infection that penetrates behind the dermis and epi to the subcutaneous tissue
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What are common causes of erysipelas?
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S. aureus, S. pyrogenes, and GABHS
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What is cellulitis?
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All three layers are affected and spreads more rapidly.
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What is necrotizing fascitis?
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When layers of the skin go through hypoxia, thus lack of nutrient flow kills off the skin.
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What are lice?
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lives off blood
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What is pediculosis?
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infestation with lice
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What is Phthirus humanis?
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Body lice
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What is Phthirus capitis?
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Head lice
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What is Phthirus pubis?
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Crabs
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What are lice larva called?
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nits
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How can lice be spread?
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Linen, clothes
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How long can they live away from the skin?
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24 hours.
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What are pressure uclers?
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Ischemic lesions of the skin and underlying structures caused by external pressure which impairs blood or lymph flow
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Where do pressure ulcers develop?
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Over bony prominences or part exposure to pressure, friction, and shearing forces
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What are shearing forces?
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sliding of one tissuee layer over another wit stretching and angulation of blood fessels, causing injry and thrombosis
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What are melanocytic nevi?
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Moles--common benign tumors of the skin
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What are dysplastic nevi?
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pre-cancerous lesions
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What is the most common form of cancer?
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Skin cancer
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What is the most common skin cancer in light skinned people?
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Who is the most suceptible to basal cell carcinoma?
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light-skinned people with long-term sun exposure
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What is Basal cell carcinoma?
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nonmetastisizing tumor that exgtends wide and deep if left untreated
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What is the most common basal cell carcinoma?
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Nodular ulcerative basal cell carcinoma
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What is the second most common BCC?
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Superficial basal cell carcinoma
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What is the second most common malignant tumor?
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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What are the two types of SCC?
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Intraepidermal SCC, which converts to Invasive SCC
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What is the 5-year survival rate of SCC with matastisis?
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25%
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What gender is most likely to have SSC?
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Men 2:1 vs women
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What is malignant melanoma?
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malignant tumor of the melanocytes
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What has credited cause to MM?
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UVR exposer extended
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Who is most and least at risk for MM?
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Fair-skinned people; Asians/PI
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What do MM usually look like?
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Slightly raised and black or brown
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What do Dark melanomas look like?
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Shades of red (inflammation), blue (growth), and white (scar formation).
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What are the four types of MM?
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Superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligna, acral lentiginous
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What is superficial spreading melanoma?
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raised-edged nevus with lateral growth
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What are nodular melanomas?
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raised, dome-shaped lesions that can occur anywhere on the body. They look like blood blisters
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What are Lentigo maligna melanomas?
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Slow-growing flat nevi that occur primarily because of UVR exposure
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What are acral lentiginous melanomas?
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Looks like lentigo but on pams, soles, nailbeds, and mucous membranes
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What affects first degree burns?
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Epidermis
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What is are second-degree partial-thickness burns?
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Epi & some dermis
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What are second degree full thickness?
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entire epi and dermis
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What are third degree full thickness burns
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into subuctaneous tissue or beyond
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