Chapter 6.1 - Chapter 6.3

Front 1

Metabolism

Back 1

All chemical reactions that happen in the body

Front 2

Metabolic pathways

Back 2

Specific molecule is altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a product. Each step of the pathway is catalyzed by a specific enzyme

Front 3

What does Metabolism as a whole manage?

Back 3

Manages material and energy resources of the cell

Front 4

Catabolic pathways

Back 4

Release energy by breaking things down

Front 5

A major pathway of catabolism

Back 5

Cellular respiration, in which the sugar glucose and other organic feels are broken down in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide and water. Energy stored in the organic molecules becomes available to do work for this cell, such as ciliary beating or membrane support

Front 6

Anabolic pathways

Back 6

Consume energy and build molecules

Front 7

Examples of anabolism

Back 7

Synthesis of an amino acid from simpler molecules and the synthesis of a protein from amino acids

Front 8

Bioenergetics

Back 8

Study of how energy flows through living organisms

Front 9

What is energy?

Back 9

Energy is the capacity to cause change

You cannot see or hold energy

Front 10

what is kinetic energy?

Back 10

Energy associated with the relative motion of objects

Front 11

What is thermal energy?

Back 11

The kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules

Front 12

What is heat?

Back 12

Thermal energy in transfer from one object to another

Front 13

What is potential energy?

Back 13

Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

Front 14

What is chemical energy?

Back 14

Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Front 15

What is thermodynamics?

Back 15

Study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter

Front 16

What is an isolated system?

Back 16

A closed system that doesn't exchange energy or matter with its surroundings

Front 17

What is an open system?

Back 17

A system in which energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its environment, organisms have open systems

Front 18

What is the first law of thermodynamics? (principle of conservation energy)

Back 18

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed

Front 19

During every energy transfer or transformation some energy is?

Back 19

Converted into thermal energy and release Dad heat becoming unavailable to do work

Front 20

What is entropy?

Back 20

Measure of disorder, or randomness.

Front 21

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Back 21

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy, or disorder, of the universe

Front 22

What is a spontaneous process?

Back 22

A process that can occur without any input of energy

Front 23

What is free-energy?

Back 23

Free energy is the amount of energy that is available to do work

Front 24

If Delta G is negative the reaction will be

Back 24

Spontaneous

Front 25

Exergonic reaction

Back 25

Precedes with the net release of energy, it is spontaneous

Front 26

Endergonic reaction

Back 26

Absorbs free energy from its surroundings, needs energy, nonspontaneous

Front 27

How much work does it isolated system do when it reaches equilibrium?

Back 27

Does no work

Front 28

Metabolic equilibrium equals

Back 28

Death in organism

Front 29

Three main type of work that cells do

Back 29

Chemical work, transport work, mechanical work

Front 30

What is chemical work?

Back 30

Pushing of endergonic reactions that would not occur spontaneously

Front 31

What is transport work?

Back 31

The pumping of substances across the membrane

Front 32

What is mechanical work?

Back 32

Beating of the cilia, the contraction of muscle cells, and the movement of chromosomes during cellular reproduction

Front 33

What is energy coupling?

Back 33

The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one

Front 34

The structure of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Back 34

Contains the sugar ribose, with the nitrogenous base admin and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it

Front 35

ATP is also used to make?

Back 35

RNA

Front 36

Bonds between phosphate groups of ATP can be broken by

Back 36

Hydrolysis

Front 37

ATP to ADP

Back 37

Front 38

What is a phosphorylated intermediate

Back 38

the recipient of a phosphate group from ATP that is covalently bonded

Front 39

Transport and mechanical work in this Cell are nearly always powered by

Back 39

Hydrolysis of ATP

Front 40

Hydrolysis of ATP and transport work

Back 40

Front 41

Hydrolysis of ATP and mechanical work

Back 41

Front 42

ATP is a renewable resource that can be regenerated by the addition of what

Back 42

Addition of phosphate to ADP