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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pharmacology |
Study of chemical substances and their effect on the body. Closely related to mathematics |
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Metric system |
Most common system used in pharmacology. |
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Household, apothecary, metric |
Used in the past, and some are not exact measurement. Caused many confusion and medical errors. |
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Household system |
Used in home. Units are drop, teaspoon, tablespoon, cup, pint, & quart. Replaced by metric system |
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Apothecary system |
Based on volume and wieght. Oldest system, least accurate. Replaced by metric system. |
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Metric system |
Widely used measurment. Generally only measurement used in drug dosage. Based on decimal system based on number 10. Based on meter, gram, liter. |
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Meter, gram, liter. |
M- Measurement of length or distance G- measurement of weight L- measurement of liquid volume |
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Increment of metric system |
Deci- divided by 10 Centi- divide by 100 Milli- divide by 1,000 Micro- divide by 1,000,000 Deca- multiply by 10 Hecto- multiply by 100 Kilo- multiply by 1,000 |
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Conversion |
2.54 cm = 1 in 2.2 pounds= 1 kg 1 Oz = 28.35 grams 16 Oz = 1 pound |
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Unit abbreviation |
Milligram- mg Gram- G Kilogram- kg Microgram- µg Liter- L Milliliter- mL |
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Converting from large to small |
Move decimal point to right. Ex 1g=1,000 mg 1.5g= 1,500 mg For small to large.. move decimal to left. Ex 1,000 mg= 1g 1,500 mg=1.5g |
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Nursing alert |
Safe administration of medication is primary nursing responsibility. |
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Ratio |
Relationship of one quality to another. May be written as fraction or numbers separated by a colon. Ex. 2/3 or 2:3 or 2 is to 3. |
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Proportion |
Consist of two equal ratios separated by an equal sign (=) or double colon (::) Ex. 2/3 = 6/9 2:3 :: 6:9 2 is to 3 as 6 is to 9 2 and 9 are considered extremes, 3 and 6 are means.. |
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Rules to using ratios and proportion 2:3 :: 6:9 |
4 rules... 1) product of means equal product of extremes. 2x9=18 & 3×6=188 2) product of mean divided one extremes equals other extreme.. 3×6=18 18÷2=9 3) the product of the extremes divided by one mean yields other mean. 2×9=18 18÷6=3 4) whatever you do on one side of = must do to other side. |
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Note of dosage |
If dosage for tablet doesn't come out exactly, the prescribe dosage cannot be give . |
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Fraction |
Portion or piece of a whole that indicates division of that whole into equal parts. |
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Common fractions |
AKA simple fraction, have a numerator ( top) and a denominator (bottom) N- refers to a part of the whole. D- total number of parts |
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Multiply fraction |
2/3 × 3×4 (2×3=6) (3×4=12) New value 6/12 or 1/2 |
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Divide fraction |
3/4 ÷ 2/3 Reverse 2/3 to 3/2 New problem 3/4 × 3/2 Solve.. 9/8 or 1 1/8 |
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Decimal fractions. |
Fraction where 10 is always denominator |
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Fórmula method |
Desire / available × quantity =amount to give.
D/A×Q= amount to give Use to calculate dosages in same system & Sam units of measurement. |
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Percentage |
Refers to number per hundred. 20% equal 20 per hundred |
