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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Electronic Structure
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Describes the energies and arrangement of electrons around the atom or molecule
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Electromagnetic Radiation
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A form of energy that has wave characteristics and propagates through a vacuum at a speed of 3.00*10 to the 8th meters/sec
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Electromagnetic spectrum
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the complete range of electromagnetic waves, from radio waves to gamma rays
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Wavelength
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The distance between two crests of a wave
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Blackbody radiation
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The electromagnetic radiation emitted by a heated object
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Quantum
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A small, discrete packet of light energy
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Photoelectric effect
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the emission of electrons from a metal surface induced by light
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Work function
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the amount of energy required for an electron to overcome the attractive forces that hold it to the metal
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Planck's constant (h)
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the constant that relates the energy and frequency of a photon. the value of planck's constant is 6.63*10 to the -34 J-sec
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Photons
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another term for a single quantum of light, a name chosen to emphasize the particulate nature of light
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Spectrum
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the distribution among various wavelengths of the radiant energy emitted or absorbed by an object
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continuous spectrum
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a spectrum that contains radiation distributed over all wavelengths
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line spectrum
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spectrum that contains radiation at only certain specific wavelengths
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ground state
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the lowest energy or most stable state
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excited states
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a higher energy state than the ground state
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matter waves
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describes the wave characteristics of a particle
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Heisenberg Uncertainty principle
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There is an inherent uncertaint in the precision with which we can simultaneously specify the position and the momentum of a particle. This uncertainty is significant only for extremely small particles such as electrons
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Wave function
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a mathematical description of an allowed energy state (an orbital) for an electron in the quantum mechanical model of the atom. It is usually symbolized by the greek letter psi
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probability density
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a value that represents the probablility that an electron will be found at a given point in sapce
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probability cloud
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the pattern of electron positions plotted over time to show the likelihood of an electron's being at a given position at a given time
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orbitals
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allowed wave functions of the hydrogen atom, described by a combination of an integer and a letter, corresponding to values of three quantum numbers
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subshell
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the set of one or more orbitals with the same n and l values
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electron shell
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the set of all orbitals with the same value of n, such as 3s, 3p, and 3d
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radial probablility function
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tells us the probability that the electron will be found at a certain distance from the nucleus
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nodes
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the point at which the amplitude of the wave function is zero
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f-block metals
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the antinides and lanthanides
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rydberg constant
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determined when measuring the spectrum of hydrogen, relates the values of hydrogen's principle quantum numbers to their energy
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degenerate
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term used to describe orbitals within the same subshell are degenerate which have the same energy
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Hund's rule
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states that the lowest energy is attained by maximizing the number of electrons with the same electron spin
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