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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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temperature |
the measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual in matter |
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liquid in glass thermometers |
a fluid (mercury or alcohol) inside a glass tube that expands and goes up the tube as temperature increases or goes down the tube as the temperature decreases |
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Galileo's Thermometer |
as room temperature rises warm air in a bubble pushes up the liquid in the column |
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fahrenheit scale |
water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees *less trusting (not accurate) |
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celsius scale |
water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees *more trusting (accurate) |
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Kelvin scale |
water freezes at 273 K and boils at 373 K |
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absolute zero |
the lowest possible temperature matter can get to (-273 degrees celsius = 0 degrees Kelvin) |
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thermal energy |
energy that is produced from heat |
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heat |
thermal energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object |
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specific heat |
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a 1kg object by 1 K (joule per kilogram-Kelvin J/Kg-K) |
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conduction |
transfer of energy from one material to another ex- a spoon in boiling water gets hot * can occur in a solid liquid or gas (in order for heat to be conducted the object must be touching) |
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convection |
transfer of thermal energy by movement of matter within a fluid ex- water boiling in a pot *can occur in a liquid or a gas |
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convection currect |
the circular flow of hot and cold energy |
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radiation |
transfer of thermal energy across space by electromagnetic waves ex- the sun's rays *doesn't need to matter to occur only needs space |
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conductors |
a material that conducts heat well ex- metal,tiles, gold, and silver |
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insulators |
a material that doesn't conduct heat well ex- wood, wool, paper, straw, and air |
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solids |
have a fixed shape and volume |
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liquid |
have a definite volume but not as definite shape |
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gas |
don't have a fixed shape or volume |
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change of state |
the physical change from one state of matter to another |
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melting |
the change of state from solid to liquid |
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freezing |
the change of state from liquid to solid |
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vaporization |
the change of state from liquid to gas |
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evaporation |
when vaporization occurs at the surface |
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boiling |
when vaporization occurs below the surface of a liquid |
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boiling point |
the temperature at which the liquid boils |
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condensation |
the change of state from gas to liquid |
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thermal expansion |
the expanding of matter when it is heated |
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heat engines |
the transformation of thermal energy to mechanical energy |
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external combustion engines |
engines that burn fuel outside the engine in a boiler |
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internal combustion engine |
engines that burn fuel in cylinders inside the engine |
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refrigerator |
a device that transfer thermal energy from inside the refrigerator to the room outside |
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refrigerant |
a substance that absorbs and releases heat in a refrigerator |
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air conditioners |
a device that uses refrigerant to absorb heat from the air inside a room or car and transfer it to the outdoor |
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intake stroke |
the piston moves down the cylinder and draws in the fuel/air mixture (gasoline and air) |
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compression stroke |
the piston moves up and the fuel/air mixture is compressed into a smaller space |
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power stroke |
the piston is almost to the top a spark ignites the mixture which forces the piston down. the piston turns the crankshaft which turns the wheels of the automoblies |
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exhaust stroke |
the piston moves up again compressing and pushing out the waste products left over from the burning fuel/air mixture |
