Chapter 6 The Skeleton

Front 1

How many bones are there in the (average)
human body?

Back 1

206
phalanges=56
carpals and tarsals= 16 + 14 = 30
vertebrae=33

Front 2

List the two main divisions of the skeleton.

Back 2

 Axial skeleton
 Appendicular skeleton

Front 3

List the (3) basic components of the axial
skeleton.

Back 3

 Skull
 Vertebral Column
 Thoracic cage

Front 4

 List the (4) basic components of the
appendicular skeleton

Back 4

 Pectoral girdle
 Upper limbs
 Pelvic girdle
 Lower limbs

Front 5

 What do we call the 8 bones of the skull that
protect the brain?

Back 5

 Cranium

Front 6

 What do we call the 14 bones of the skull
that protect and support the entrances to the
digestive and respiratory tracts?

Back 6

 Facial bones

Front 7

 What two bones form (each side of) the
hard palate?

Back 7

 Maxilla
 Palatine bone

Front 8

 What is a synonym for the skullcap?

Back 8

 Calvaria

Front 9

What small, U-shaped bone lies superior to
the larynx and is the body’s only bone that
does not articulate with another bone?

Back 9

 Hyoid bone

Front 10

What is the function of the fontanelles
(fontanels)?

Back 10

Allow distortion of the skull growth

Front 11

What is the collective term for the tiny
bones of the middle ear?

Back 11

 Auditory ossicles

Front 12

List these bones from lateral (tympanum) to
medial (oval window).-(Auditory ossicles)

Back 12

Malleus
 Incus
 Stapes

Front 13

In what bone, and in what particular
region/part of this bone, would I find the
middle and internal ear?

Back 13

 Temporal bone
 Petrous part/region

Front 14

 What do we call the large, circular opening
in the occipital bone for passage of the
spinal cord?

Back 14

Foramen magnum

Front 15

 What is the name of the bony depression in
the sphenoid bone that holds the pituitary
gland?

Back 15

Hypophyseal fossa

Front 16

 What is the name of the bony enclosure of
this depression?Hypophyseal fossa

Back 16

 Sella turcica

Front 17

Through what opening of the sphenoid bone
is the optic nerve transmitted?

Back 17

 Optical canal/foramen

Front 18

 What is the name of the teardrop shaped
passageway between the greater and lesser
wings of the sphenoid bone that transmits 4
cranial nerves pass (III, IV, V1, and VI)?

Back 18

 Superior orbital fissure

Front 19

What ‘round’ hole passes through the
sphenoid bone anteriorly, exiting below the
orbit and behind the maxilla, transmitting
the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
passes (V2)?

Back 19

 Foramen rotundum

Front 20

 What ‘oval’ hole passes through the floor of
the greater wing of the sphenoid transmits
the mandibular branch of the trigeminal
nerve (V3)?

Back 20

 Foramen ovale

Front 21

 Through what openings in the portion of the
anterior cranial floor formed by the ethmoid
bone do the olfactory nerve fibers pass
before they enter the nasal epithelium?

Back 21

Cribriform foramina

Front 22

What hole in the mandible is found on the
medial side of the mandibular ramus and
transmits the mandibular branch of the
trigeminal nerve as it heads towards your
teeth and chin?

Back 22

 Mandibular foramen

Front 23

What two regions contribute to the primary
curvatures of the spine and in what direction
does the open side of the curve face?

Back 23

 Thoracic and Sacral
 Anteriorly

Front 24

What two regions contribute to the
secondary curvatures of the spine and in
what direction does the open side of the
curve face?

Back 24

 Cervical and Lumbar
 Posteriorly

Front 25

 List the regions of the vertebral column and
the number of vertebrae associated with
each

Back 25

 Cervical – 7
 Thoracic – 12
 Lumbar – 5
 Sacrum – 5
 Coccyx – 4 (3-5)

Front 26

Through what vertebral landmarks of the
cervical vertebrae do the vertebral arteries
and veins travel?

Back 26

Transverse foramina

Front 27

What is the name of the C1 vertebra?

Back 27

Atlas

Front 28

What is the name of the C2 vertebra?

Back 28

 Axis

Front 29

During development the body of C1 fuses to
the body of C2. What do we call the
resulting projection that serves to allow
rotation between these two vertebrae?

Back 29

Dens / Odontoid process

Front 30

What do we call the landmarks of the
thoracic vertebrae with which our ribs
articulate?

Back 30

Costal facets

Front 31

What do we call the first seven pairs of ribs
that connected to the sternum by a separate
costal cartilage?

Back 31

True ribs

Front 32

What do we call ribs 8-12 because they do
not attach directly to the sternum (they
either share a connection or lack one)?

Back 32

False ribs

Front 33

What do we call ribs 11 and 12 because
they lack any connection to the sternum?

Back 33

Floating ribs

Front 34

What part of the sternum, the last to ossify
(possibly as late as 40), can be broken by
strong pressure and may potentially damage
the liver (justifying attempts to avoid this
during CPR)?

Back 34

 Xiphoid process

Front 35

What two bones articulate to form the only
direct (skeletal or ligamentous) connection
between the pectoral girdle and the axial
skeleton?

Back 35

Clavicle and Manubrium

Front 36

What is the name of our shoulder socket?

Back 36

Glenoid cavity/fossa

Front 37

List and differentiate between the two necks
of the humerus

Back 37

-Surgical neck
 Distal to tubercles
-Anatomical neck
 Surrounds head

Front 38

What landmark near the proximal end of the
radius serves as the insertion of the biceps
brachii muscle?

Back 38

Radial tuberosity

Front 39

What landmark on the proximal end of the
ulna serves as the insertion of the triceps
brachii muscle?

Back 39

Olecranon (process)

Front 40

What portion of the articular condyle of the
humerus articulates with the radius?

Back 40

Capitulum

Front 41

What portion of the articular condyle of the
humerus articulates with the ulna?

Back 41

Trochlea

Front 42

In what feature of the proximal ulna does
the radius pivot during pronation?

Back 42

Radial notch (of the ulna)

Front 43

What is the name of the hip socket?


Back 43

Acetabulum

Front 44

What landmark on the posteroinferior
aspect of the pelvis serves as the common
origin for all 3 hamstring muscles (as well
as part of the origin of the adductor
magnus)?

Back 44

Ischial tuberosity

Front 45

What is the name of the expanded portion of
the pelvis between the iliac crests and above
the iliopectineal line?

Back 45

Greater (false) pelvis

Front 46

What is the name of the constricted portion
of the pelvis, inferior to the iliopectineal
line?

Back 46

Lesser (true) pelvis

Front 47

What opening of the pelvis is bordered by
the superior base of the sacrum, the
iliopectineal line, and the superior border of
the symphysis pubis?

Back 47

Pelvic inlet

Front 48

What opening of the pelvis is bordered by
the coccyx, the ischial tuberosities, and the
inferior border of the symphysis pubis?

Back 48

Pelvic outlet

Front 49

The above term is for the skeletal
components(Pelvic outlet.) What feature of the living
person shares these same boundaries?

Back 49

Perineum

Front 50

The angle inferior to the symphysis pubis
(subpubic angle) helps us quickly determine
if a pelvis is male or female. Describe the
difference.

Back 50

Female – Wider, arched, >100 degrees
 Male – Narrow, angular, < 90 degrees

Front 51

What landmark of the tibia serves as the
common insertion for the 4 quadriceps
femoris muscles?

Back 51

Tibial tuberosity

Front 52

Describe the difference in bone number, in
both the hand and foot, between the first
digit and the other digits.

Back 52

-First digit has 2 phalanges
 Proximal and distal
-Others have 3 phalanges
 Proximal, middle, and distal