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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What does Islam mean?

Islam literally means "submission to the will of the one true God, Allah".

Where did Bedouin Cultures develop?

TRICK QUESTION Bedouin Cultures were nomadic. However, regions in the Far South had extensive sedentary agriculture.

What did survival depend on in Pre-Islamic Arabia?

The struggle for survival depended upon loyalty to ones own family.

Who were the leaders of the tribes?

The leaders of the tribes were called Shaykhs. Typically Shaykhs were men with large herds of cattle, several wives, many children, and numerous retainers.

What did constant fighting do to the Bedouin tribes?

Constant fighting weakened the Bedouin Tribes in relation to their neighbors and bordering empires.

What and Where was the Ka'ba

The Ka'ba was one of the most important Pre-Islamic Shrines. This shrine was located in Mecca and brought many pilgrims and customers to Mecca. In short the Ka'ba made Mecca one of if not the most important city in the Pre-Islamic Era.

Who was fighting for control of Medina?

Control in Medina was contested by three Jewish Clans, and Two Bedouin clans.

When and Where was Muhammad born?

Muhammad was born in Mecca to the Quraysh clan but more specifically the Banu Hashim tribe. Muhammad was born in 570 C.E.

Who was Abu Talib and why was he important?

Abu Talib was Muhammad's Uncle that Muhammad lived with. Abu Talib was a caravan trader and brought Muhammad along with him. This shaped Muhammad's understanding of the world outside Arabia and gave him insight to the Christian and Jewish faiths.

What new religions were sweeping the region in the 7th century?

The idea of Monotheism was becoming slowly more popular while the ancient gods worshiped by the Bedouins.

When did Muhammad receive the teachings and where were they recorded?

In 610 C.E. Muhammad received the teachings that would later be recorded in the Quran.

Why were the Umayyads so threatened by the rise of Islam?

The power base of Mecca relied upon the spiritual strength of the Ka'ba. With the gods that represented the Ka'ba no longer relevant the Umayyads lost a great deal of former power.

Why was Muhammad welcomed to Medina?

Muhammad had mediated disputes between the tribes of Medina.

Why did Muhammad's success at Medina make him an even bigger threat to the Umayyad Nobles?

Muhammad was in effect doing everything to hinder Mecca's progress unintentionally. He was now raising the political power of Mecca's greatest rival, Medina.

What became Muhammad's most important achievement?

Muhammad negotiated peace with the Quraysh that allowed Muslims to visit the Ka'ba, an important religious site that is the basis for Muslim's pilgrimage to Mecca.

What are some parallels between Islam and Christianity?

Islam also appealed to the need for Monotheism(in Arabia), this form of monotheism also transcended local and tribal boundaries.


What were some differences between Islam and Christianity?

There were no priests in the traditional sense and also there was nothing between the believer and god.

What were some negative impacts following Muhammad's death?

Following Muhammad's death, many Bedouin Tribes renounced Islam and his followers quarreled over who should lead as the new caliph.

Who were the two possible successors of Muhammad?

The two main choices of successors were Ali and Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr was one of Muhammad's closet friends and had extensive knowledge of both Islam and the tribes. Ali was Muhammad's cousin and son in law but was deemed to young to lead.

What were the importance of the Ridda Wars?

The Ridda Wars defeated the rival prophets and brought about the return of several large Arabic tribes to the "Islamic Fold"

What was an odd reason not to conquest for the Islamic Warriors?

Oddly enough, Islamic Warriors did not battle to convert. In Umayyad times booty was shared amongst all believers. By converting more non-believers the booty would have to be shared even further making their cut that much less.

What were some advantages of being Muslim?

If you were a Muslim you didn't have to pay a head tax, got a share of the booty in the Umayyad Era, and

What created the split of the Muslim commmunity?

Muslims were split between the idea of who should succeed Muhammad. The Sunnis believed the Umayyad concept of succession and the Shi'ites believed the Ali's version of succession.

What was the Jizya?

THe Jizya was the Muslim tax on non-muslims.


Who were the mawali?

The mawali were Muslim non-arab converts. What this meant was that they were forced to still pay the Jizya.

Who were the Dhimmi?

The Dhimmi or alternatively the People of the Book were Christians and Jews who, according to Muhammad, were to not be persecuted.

Who were the Abbasids?

Uncle of Muhammad, al-Abbas created the Abbasids to depose the Umayyads. He allied with the mawali and the shi'ites who were both mistreated at the hands of the Umayyads.

How did the Abbasids treat their allies?

After the war the Abbasids turned on the shi'ites and ended up siding with sunni concepts of succession. However, with the Mawali the Abbasids made them full citizens and exempted them from the head tax.

What were the Abbasids rulers called and how did this serve to further separate them from the general people?

Abbasid rulers called themselves "shadows of God" this served to further alienate them from the common people. Most rulers were generally reserved and spread away from the common person.

What was the Battle of the River Zab?

At the Battle of the River Zab, the Abbasids fought the remnants of the Abbasids.

How did al-Abbas destroy the remainder of the Umayyad caliphs?

al-Abbas invited them to a feast and once there slaughtered all of them in an effort to keep power solely in his hands.