Chapter 6 Test Memory 2

Front 1

They are ___ processes involved in memory.

Back 1

Three

Front 2

____ is the process of organizing and transforming information so that it can be entered into memory.

Back 2

Encoding

Front 3

The process of retaining information in memory is called ___.

Back 3

Storage

Front 4

___ is the process of accessing information stored in memory.

Back 4

Retrieval

Front 5

The lowest level of memory is ___ memory. It holds a large amount of perceptual information for a very brief time.

Back 5

Sensory

Front 6

A memory store that holds a reactively small amount of information for a few seconds is ____ memory.

Back 6

Sort-Term

Front 7

____ memory is a memory store that holds a large amount of information for a long time.

Back 7

Long-Term

Front 8

The ____ is increased memory for the last few items in a set. STM

Back 8

Recency Effect

Front 9

The ___ is the increased memory for the first few items in a set. LTM

Back 9

Primacy Effect

Front 10

Memory of the meaning of words, concepts, and general facts about the world is called ____ memory. We usually DO NOT remember when, where, or how we learned the information. Associative Networks

Back 10

Semantic

Front 11

____ are memory stores that retain input from a single sense or from a specific processing system.

Back 11

Modality Specific

Front 12

Memory of events that are associated with a particular context is ____ memory. We DO remember when, where, or how we learned the information.

Back 12

Episodic

Front 13

Explicit memory is a memory that can be retrieved at will and represented in STM (Sort-Term Memory). It is also called ____ memory.

Back 13

Declarative

Front 14

____ memory is memory that cannot be retrieved at will but does influence behavior and thinking in the presence of certain stimuli. It is also called Non-Declarative memory.

Back 14

Implicit

Front 15

The result of having just preformed a task that facilitates repeating the same task more easily in the future is called ____.

Back 15

Priming

Front 16

A ____ is a well learned response that is carried out automatically when the appropriate stimulus is present.

Back 16

Habit

Front 17

____ memory is a system that includes specialized STMs and the central executive process that operate on them.

Back 17

Working

Front 18

The set of processes that operate on information in one or another STMs to plan, reason, and problem-solve is called ____.

Back 18

Central Executive

Front 19

____ is the process of converting information stored dynamically in LTM into a structural change in the brain.

Back 19

Consolidation

Front 20

A ____ is a type of mental representation.

Back 20

Code

Front 21

Memory stored in structural form is called ____ memory.

Back 21

Structural Memory

Front 22

Continually active memory is called ____ memory.

Back 22

Dynamic Memory

Front 23

_____ is the number and complexity of the operations involved in processing information.

Back 23

Depth of Processing

Front 24

_____ is encoding that involves great breadth of processing.

Back 24

Elaborative Encoding

Front 25

Processing that organizes and integrates information into previously stored information is called ____.

Back 25

Breadth of Processing

Front 26

Emotionally charged information is stored in ____ memory better than neutral information.

Back 26

Episodic

Front 27

An unusually vivid and accurate memory of a dramatic event is called ___ memory.

Back 27

Flashbulb

Front 28

____ is the act of intentionally bringing explicit information to awareness.

Back 28

Recall

Front 29

The act of encoding an input and matching it to a stored representation is called ____.

Back 29

Recognition

Front 30

Stimuli that trigger or enhance remembering are called ____.

Back 30

Cues

Front 31

_____ is memory that improves over time without feedback, particularly with repeated attempts to recall.

Back 31

Hypermnesia

Front 32

The _____ principle states that memory is better when people are given cues that were present during learning.

Back 32

Encoding Specificity

Front 33

____ retrieval is memory that is better when we are in the same mood or psychological state as we were when the information was encoded.

Back 33

State Dependent

Front 34

An ongoing awareness of perceptual and other properties that distinguish real from imagined stimuli is called ____.

Back 34

Reality Monitoring

Front 35

_____ is a failure to process information well enough to begin consolidation.

Back 35

Encoding Failure

Front 36

____ is the fading away of memories with time because the relevant neural connections are lost.

Back 36

Decay

Front 37

The disruption of the ability to remember one piece of information because of the presence of other is called _____.

Back 37

Interference

Front 38

_____ is a loss of memory over an entire time span resulting from brain damage caused by accident, stroke, or infection.

Back 38

Amnesia

Front 39

Amnesia that disrupts previous memories is ____ amnesia.

Back 39

Retrograde

Front 40

Real memories that have been pushed out of consciousness because they are emotionally threatening are called _____ memories.

Back 40

Repressed Memories

Front 41

_____ are strategies that improve memory by using effective organization and integration.

Back 41

Mneumonic Devices