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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Energy
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the ability to do work or bring about a change
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Kinetic energy
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the energy of motion
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Potential energy
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stored energy - its capacity to do work is not being used at the moment
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Chemical energy
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energy composed of organic molecules (ex. food)
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First Law of Thermodynamics
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states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to the other
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Second law of Thermodynamics
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states that energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy
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Entropy
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the relative amount of disorganization
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Metabolism
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the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
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Reactants
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substances that participate in a reaction
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Products
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substances that form as a result of a reaction
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Free energy
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the amount of energy available after a chemical reaction has occured
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Exergonic reactions
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reactions in which there is less free energy in the products than in the reactants and energy's released
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Endergonic reactions
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reactions in which the products have more free energy than the reactants. can occur only with an energy input
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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common energy currency of cells
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ADP (adenosine diphosphate) + P
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breakdown of ATP
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Coupled reactions
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when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction
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Metabolic pathway
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a series of linked reactions
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Enzyme
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a protein molecule that functions as an organic catalyst to speed a chemical reaction
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Substrates
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the reactants in a enzymatic reaction
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Energy of activation
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the energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one another
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Active site
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the small part of an enzyme which complezes with the substrates
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Induced fit model
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when the enzyme is induced to undergo a slight alteration to achieve optimum fit
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Denaturated
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when enzymatic reaction decline rapidly because the temperature is too high
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Enzyme inhibition
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when the substrate is unable to bind to the active site of an enzyme
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Cofactors
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a inorganic ion or an organic but nonprotein helper to help the enzyme function properly
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Coenzymes
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the organic, nonprotein molecule helpers for enzymes
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vitamins
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relatively small organic molecules that are required in trace amounts in our diet
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Oxidation
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the loss of electrons
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Reduction
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the gain of electrons
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Redox reaction
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the entire reaction of oxidation and reduction
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