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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Learning |
relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience. |
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habituation |
repeat neutral stimulus, decreased response |
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sensitization |
become more sensitive after threatening stimulus |
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Imprinting |
attachment of younger to older animals/birds |
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Conditioning |
learning through forming associations between experiences |
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Extinction |
if a behavior was previously reinforced, then becomes unreinforced, behavior will extinguish after a time |
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Spontaneous Recovery |
when the CR rebounds after a time of no exposure to the CS |
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UCS-unconditioned stimulus |
a stimulus that provokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning (e.g., meat) |
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UCR-unconditioned response |
an unlearned reaction to that occurs without conditioning, a reflex (e.g. salivating) |
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CS-conditioned stimulus |
a previously neutral stimulus that has acquired meaning through conditioning and the capacity to evoke a response (e.g. a bell) |
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CR-conditioned response |
a learned reaction that occurs because of previous conditioning |
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operant conditioning |
learning controlled by consequences, in addition to mere association |
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reinforcement |
occurs when the consequences of a response increase an organism’s tendency to make that response |
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positive reinforcement |
response increases because get a positive (e.g. give allowance if room is clean) |
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negative reinforcement |
response increases because remove a negative (stop nagging if room is clean) |
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punishment |
occurs when the presentation of a negative consequence decreases tendency to make that response |
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positive punishment |
response decreases because get a negative |
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negative punishment |
response decreases because remove a positive (e.g. take away TV privileges if room not clean) |
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Shaping |
the reinforcement of closer approximations of a behavior (e.g., praise for not leaving clothes in the bathroom) |
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Chaining |
reinforcing “chains” of behavior into one stream, only reinforce when entire chain of previously reinforced behaviors are emitted in the right order |
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Observational Learning |
Occurs when behavior is influenced by the observation of others |
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Non-associative Learning |
Learning about a stimulus, such as sight or sound, in the external world |
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Associative Learning |
Learning the relationship between two pieces of information |
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Classical conditioning/Pavlovian conditioning |
A type of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response when it is associated with a stimulus that already produces that response. |
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Behavior Modification |
The use of operant-conditioning techniques to eliminate unwanted behaviors and replace them with desirable ones |
