Chapter 6 Terms

Front 1

Roman Senate

Back 1

Council whose members were heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to early kinds in era of Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire.

Front 2

Roman Republic

Back 2

Period from 507- 31 BC, during which Rome was largely governed by the Senate.

Front 3

patron/client relationship

Back 3

Fundamental social relationship in which the patron–rich-provided legal and economic protection and assistance to clients, men of fewer statues, in return clients supported political careers and economic interests of patrons.

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Augustus

Back 4

Honorific name for Octavian founder of Roman Principate, military dictatorship replaced failing rule of Roman Senate. Defeated rivals and laid ground works for several centuries of stability and prosperity in Roman Empire.

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equites

Back 5

In ancient Italy prosperous landowners second in wealth and status to senatorial aristocracy. The Roman emperors allied with this group to counterbalance the influence of the old aristocracy and used the equites to staff the imperial civil service.

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pax romana

Back 6

Roman peace, connoted the stability and prosperity that Roman rule brought to the land of the Roman Empire in the first 2 centuries CE. Movements of people and trade goods along Roman roads and safe seas allowed for the spread of cultural practice, technologies, and religious ideas.

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Roman Principate

Back 7

Roman government in first 3 centuries based on ambiguous title princes adopted by Augustus to conceal his military dictatorship.

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Romanization

Back 8

Process by which Latin language and Roman culture became dominant in western provinces of Roman Empire.

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Jesus

Back 9

Jew from Galilee in N. Israel. Sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices. Executed as a revolutionary by Romans. Hailed as Messiah and son of God by his followers, became central figure in Christianity.

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Paul

Back 10

Jew from Tarsus and began to preach about Christianity. Separated Judaism and Christianity.

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aqueduct

Back 11

Conduit, either elevated or under ground, using gravity to carry water from a source to a location, usually a city, that needed it.

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third-century crisis

Back 12

Political, military, and economical turmoil in Roman Empire during much of 3rd century CE. Changes of ruler, civil wars, and barbarian invasions decline of urban centers, long distance commerce, and monetary economy. 284 CE Diocletian restored order.

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Constantine

Back 13

Roman emperor who made Christianity a favored religion.

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Qin

Back 14

A people and state in the Wei Valley of E. China that conquered rival states and created first Chinese Empire. Got taken over by Han Dynasty.

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Shi Huangdi

Back 15

Founder of short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of Chinese Empire. Ruthless conquests of rival states, practice standards, and forcible organization of labor for military and engineering. Tomb is filled with army of terracotta soldiers.

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Han

Back 16

The ethnic Chinese people who originated from the Yellow River Valley and spread throughout regions of China suitable from agriculture and the dynasty of emperors who ruled from 206 BC to 220 CE.

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Chang'an

Back 17

City in Wei Valley in E. China. Became the capital for Zhou kingdoms and Qin and early Han Empires. Main features were imitated in cities and towns that sprang up throughout the Han Empire.

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gentry

Back 18

Class of families, next in wealth below the rural aristocrats, from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel. Respected for their education/expertise. Became a privileged group like equites of Rome.

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Xiongnu

Back 19

Nomadic peoples living beyond the NW frontiers of China. Chinese rulers tried defenses and strategies to ward them off and finally succeeded in dispersing them in the 1st century CE.