Chapter 6 Really

Front 1

Abagail Adams

Back 1

John Adams’ wife. She made clear that, besides participating in boycotts and spinning bees, women recognized that colonists’ arguments against arbitrary British rule also applied to gender relations.

Front 2

Alexander McGillvray

Back 2

Creek Indian leader who secretly negotiated a treaty in which Spain promised weapons so that the Creeks could protect themselves “from the Bears and other fierce Animals.”

Front 3

Articles of condederation

Back 3

Government that focused more on states’ rights. It reserved to each state “its sovereignty, freedom and independence.”

Front 4

Battle of saratoga

Back 4

A turning point in the American Revolution. The American victory in this battle convinced France that Americans could win the war, and it allied itself with the Americans.

Front 5

Battle of Yorktown

Back 5

The battle in Virginia when Lord Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington.

Front 6

Checks and balances

Back 6

designed to prevent one branch of government from dominating the other two

Front 7

Constiturion of USA

Back 7

Reconciled the conflicting interests of large and small states, and stated the laws of the United States

Front 8

Federalism

Back 8

shared power and dual lawmaking by the national and state governments

Front 9

James Madison

Back 9

One of the delegates of the Articles of Federation, he introduced the Virginia Plan and played a central role in the Constitution’s adoption.

Front 10

Joseph brant

Back 10

Mohawk chief who supported the British.

Front 11

Loyalists

Back 11

Colonists who retained a profound reverence for the British crown and believed that if they failed to defend their king, they would sacrifice their personal honor.

Front 12

Jew Jersey Plan

Back 12

A counterproposal to the Virginia Plan, it recommended a single–chamber congress in which each state had an equal vote, just as the Articles.

Front 13

Northwest Ordinance

Back 13

Defined the steps for the creation and admission of new states. It designated the area north of the Ohio River as the Northwest Territory and provided for its later division into states. It forbade slavery while the region remained a territory, although citizens could legalize the institution after statehood.

Front 14

Ordiance of 1785

Back 14

Established uniform procedures for surveying land north of the Ohio River. The law established a township six miles square as the basic unit of settlement. Every township would be subdivided into 36 sections of 640 acres each, one of which would be reserved as a source of income for schools. It imposed an arbitrary grid of straight lines and right angles across the landscape that conformed to European–American notions of private property while utterly ignoring the land’s natural features.

Front 15

Prince hall

Back 15

One of the most prominent free blacks to emerge during the Revolutionary period. Born a slave, Hall received his freedom in 1770 and immediately took a leading role among Boston blacks protesting slavery.

Front 16

Seperation of Powers

Back 16

Each branch of government has separate powers from one another.

Front 17

The Federalist

Back 17

A series of 85 newspaper essays penned by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. It defended the rights of political minorities against majority tyranny, and it prevented a stubborn minority from blocking well–considered measures that the majority believed necessary for the national interest.

Front 18

3/5 clause

Back 18

Allowed three–fifths of all slaves to be counted for congressional representation and, thereby, in the Electoral College that selected the president.

Front 19

Treaty of Paris

Back 19

A treaty signed in 1783 when the British recognized American independence and agreed to withdraw all royal troops from the colonies.

Front 20

Virginia Plan

Back 20

Called for the establishment of a strong central government rather than a federation of states. It gave Congress virtually unrestricted rights of legislation and taxation and power to veto any state law, and authority to use military force against the states. It specified a bicameral legislature and fixed representation in both houses of Congress proportionally to each state’s population.