Chapter 6 - Orthopedics - Medical Terminology

Front 1

a-

Back 1

without

Front 2

brady-

Back 2

slow

Front 3

dys-

Back 3

difficult

Front 4

inter-

Back 4

between

Front 5

intra-

Back 5

within

Front 6

hyper-

Back 6

excessive

Front 7

per-

Back 7

through

Front 8

sub-

Back 8

under

Front 9

supra-

Back 9

above

Front 10

arthr/o

Back 10

joint

Front 11

burs/o

Back 11

bursa

Front 12

carp/o

Back 12

carpals (wrist)

Front 13

chondr/o

Back 13

cartilage

Front 14

clavicul/o

Back 14

clavicle (collar bone)

Front 15

coccyg/o

Back 15

coccyx (tailbone)

Front 16

cost/o

Back 16

rib

Front 17

crani/o

Back 17

skull

Front 18

femor/o

Back 18

femur (thigh bone)

Front 19

fibul/o

Back 19

fibula (thinner lower leg bone)

Front 20

humer/o

Back 20

humerus (upper arm bone)

Front 21

ili/o

Back 21

ilium (part of pelvis)

Front 22

mandibul/o

Back 22

mandible (lower jaw)

Front 23

maxill/o

Back 23

maxilla (upper jaw)

Front 24

metacarp/o

Back 24

metacarpus (hand bones)

Front 25

metatars/o

Back 25

metatarsus (foot bones)

Front 26

muscul/o

Back 26

muscle

Front 27

my/o

Back 27

muscle

Front 28

myel/o

Back 28

bone marrow

Front 29

oste/o

Back 29

bone

Front 30

patell/o

Back 30

patella (knee cap)

Front 31

phalang/o

Back 31

phalanges (fingers and toes)

Front 32

pub/o

Back 32

pubis (part of pelvis)

Front 33

radi/o

Back 33

radius (part of forearm)

Front 34

sacr/o

Back 34

sacrum

Front 35

scapul/o

Back 35

scapula (shoulder blade)

Front 36

spondyl/o

Back 36

vertebra

Front 37

stern/o

Back 37

sternum (breast bone)

Front 38

tars/o

Back 38

tarsals (ankle)

Front 39

ten/o

Back 39

tendon

Front 40

tendin/o

Back 40

tendon

Front 41

tibi/o

Back 41

tibia (shin, larger lower leg bone)

Front 42

unl/o

Back 42

ulna (part of forearm)

Front 43

vertebr/o

Back 43

vertebra

Front 44

cutane/o

Back 44

skin

Front 45

electr/o

Back 45

electricity

Front 46

fibr/o

Back 46

fibrous

Front 47

kyph/o

Back 47

hump

Front 48

lord/o

Back 48

bent backward

Front 49

orth/o

Back 49

straight

Front 50

path/o

Back 50

disease

Front 51

scoli/o

Back 51

crooked, bent

Front 52

-ac

Back 52

pertaining to

Front 53

-al

Back 53

pertaining to

Front 54

-algia

Back 54

pain

Front 55

-ar

Back 55

pertaining to

Front 56

-ary

Back 56

pertaining to

Front 57

-asthenia

Back 57

weakness

Front 58

-centesis

Back 58

puncture to withdraw fluid

Front 59

-clasia

Back 59

surgical breaking

Front 60

-cyte

Back 60

cell

Front 61

-desis

Back 61

surgical fixation

Front 62

-dynia

Back 62

pain

Front 63

-eal

Back 63

pertaining to

Front 64

-ectomy

Back 64

surgical removal

Front 65

-genic

Back 65

producing

Front 66

-gram

Back 66

record

Front 67

-graphy

Back 67

process of recording

Front 68

-ic

Back 68

pertaining to

Front 69

-itis

Back 69

inflamation

Front 70

-kinesia

Back 70

movement

Front 71

-malacia

Back 71

softening

Front 72

-metry

Back 72

process of measuring

Front 73

-oma

Back 73

tumor

Front 74

-osis

Back 74

abnormal condition

Front 75

-otomy

Back 75

cutting into

Front 76

-ous

Back 76

pertaining to

Front 77

-pathy

Back 77

disease

Front 78

-plasty

Back 78

surgical repair

Front 79

-porosis

Back 79

porous

Front 80

-rrhaphy

Back 80

suture

Front 81

-rrhexis

Back 81

rupture

Front 82

-scope

Back 82

instrument for viewing

Front 83

-scopy

Back 83

process of visually examining

Front 84

-tome

Back 84

instrument to cut

Front 85

-trophy

Back 85

development

Front 86

bone graft

Back 86

Surgical procedure that uses piece of bone to replace lost bone or to fuse two bones together

Front 87

bone scan

Back 87

Nuclear medicine scan using radioactive dye to visualize bones; especially useful for finding stress fractures and bone cancer

Front 88

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Back 88

Repetitive motion disorder caused by pressure on tendons and nerves as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist

Front 89

closed fracture

Back 89

Broken bone with no open skin wound; also called simple fracture

Front 90

comminuted fracture

Back 90

Bone break where bone shatters into many small fragments

Front 91

compound fracture

Back 91

Broken bone with open skin wound; also called open fracture

Front 92

compression fracture

Back 92

Bone break causing loss of height of vertebral body; may result from trauma, but in older persons, especially women, may occur in a bone weakened by osteoporosis

Front 93

contracture

Back 93

Abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or connective tissue making it difficult to stretch muscle

Front 94

creatine kinase (CK)

Back 94

Muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels associated with heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies

Front 95

deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

Back 95

Involuntary muscle contraction in response to striking muscle tendon with reflex hammer; test used to determine whether muscles respond properly

Front 96

dislocation

Back 96

Occurs when bones in joint are displaced from normal alignment and ends of bones are no longer in contact with each other

Front 97

dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA)

Back 97

Test using low-dose x-ray beams to measure bone density; used to diagnose osteoporosis

Front 98

fibromyalgia

Back 98

Chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue

Front 99

fixation

Back 99

Procedure to stablize fractured bone while it heals; extrenal fixation includes cast, splints, and pins inserted through skin; internal fixation includes pins, plates, rods, screws, and wires that are put into place during surgical procedure called open reduction

Front 100

fracture (FX, Fx)

Back 100

Broken bone

Front 101

greenstick fracture

Back 101

Fracture with incomplete break; one side of the bone breaks and other side only bends; commonly seen in children because their bones are still pliable

Front 102

herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

Back 102

Protrusion of intervertebral disk between two vertebrae, which puts pressure on spinal nerves; also called herniated disk or ruptured disk, may require surgery

Front 103

impacted fracture

Back 103

Fracture in which one bone fragment is pushed into another

Front 104

kyphosis

Back 104

Abnormal increase in normal outward curvature of thoracic spine; also called hunchback or humpback

Front 105

lordosis

Back 105

Abnormal increase in normal forward curvature of lumbar spine; also called swayback

Front 106

muscle atrophy

Back 106

Loss of muscle bulk due to muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use; commonly called muscle wasting

Front 107

muscular dystrophy (MD)

Back 107

One of a group of inherited diseases involving progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy

Front 108

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Back 108

Large group of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti-infammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis

Front 109

oblique fracture

Back 109

Bone break in which fracture line runs along an angle to shaft of the bone

Front 110

orthosis

Back 110

Externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities; orthotist is a person skilled in making and adjusting orthoses

Front 111

osteoarthritis (OA)

Back 111

Arthritis caused by loss of cartilage cushion covering bones in joint; most common in bearing weight joints; results in bone rubbing against bone

Front 112

osteogenic sarcoma

Back 112

Most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of bones; most frequently occurs in persons 10-25 years old

Front 113

pathologic fracture

Back 113

Broken bone caused by diseased or weakened bone, not trauma

Front 114

percutaneous diskectomy

Back 114

Use of a thin catheter tube inserted into intervertebral disk through skin to suck out pieces of herniated or ruptured disk; or laser is used to vaporize disk

Front 115

prosthesis

Back 115

Any artificial device used as substitute for body part that is either missing from birth or lost as the result of an accident or disease; example: artificial leg, prosthetist is a person trained in making prostheses

Front 116

radiography

Back 116

Diagnostic imaging procedure using x-rays to see internal structure of body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints

Front 117

reduction

Back 117

Correcting fracture or dislocation by realigning bone; closed reduction moves bones extrenally; open reduction manipulates bones through a surgical incision; open reduction usually performed before internal fixation of bony fragments

Front 118

repetitive motion disorder

Back 118

Group of chronic disorders with tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage caused by prolonged periods of pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements

Front 119

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Back 119

Arthritis with swelling, stiffness, pain, and degeneration of cartilage in joints caused by chronic soft tissue inflamation; may result in crippling deformities; an autoimmune desease

Front 120

scoliosis

Back 120

Abnormal lateral curvature of spine

Front 121

spasm

Back 121

Sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction

Front 122

spina bifida

Back 122

Birth defect that occurs when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord; ranges from mild to severe; if spinal cord is damaged, paralysis results

Front 123

spiral fracture

Back 123

Bone break in which fracture line spirals around shaft of the bone; caused by twisting injury; often slower to heal than other types of fractures

Front 124

sprain

Back 124

Ligament injury from overstretching, but without joint dislocation or bone fracture

Front 125

strain

Back 125

Damage to the muscle or tendons from overuse or overstretching

Front 126

stress fracture

Back 126

A slight bone break caused by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running, rather than single forceful impact

Front 127

total hip arthroplasty (THA)

Back 127

Surgical reconstruction of hip with artificial hip joint; also called total hip replacement (THR)

Front 128

total knee arthroplasty

Back 128

Surgical reconstruction of knee joint with artificial knee joint; also called total knee replacement (TKR)

Front 129

transverse fracture

Back 129

Bone break with fracture line straight across shaft of bone