Chapter 6 - Microbes & Environments

Front 1

4 factors that influence microbial growth

Back 1

1. Physical
2. Environmental
3. Chemical
4. Nutritional

Front 2

Microbes may adapt to the point of no return and can't survive anywhere else

Back 2

Microbes may adapt to the point of no return and can't survive anywhere else

Front 3

~30 degrees Celsius
optimum closer to max than min

Back 3

Min and max temperature range

Front 4

Psychrophiles

Back 4

1. Optimum temperature: ~15 degrees Celsius
2. Cold loving
(list cell adaptations here)

Front 5

Psychrotrophs

Back 5

Optimum temperature: ~25 degrees Celsius
(adaptations)

Front 6

Mesophiles

Back 6

1. Optimum temperature: ~37 degrees Celsius
2. Moderate temperature loving
3. Mostly human pathogen

Front 7

Thermophiles

Back 7

1. Optimum temperature: ~60 degrees Celsius
2. Heat loving
3. Enzymes not denature by excessive heat

Front 8

Hyperthermophiles

Back 8

1. Optimum temperature: above 70 degrees Celsius
2. Extreme Thermophiles
3. Usually Archaea

Front 9

Neutrophiles

Back 9

Most microbes with a pH of 6.5 - 7.5
Optimum pH of most bacteria is 7

Front 10

Helicobactor pylori

Back 10

1. Acid tolerant bacteria
2. causes stomach ulcers
3. enzymes neutralize acid

Front 11

fungi

Back 11

1. Grow in a wider pH range
2. Usually responsible for spoilage of acidic foods

Front 12

Acidophiles

Back 12

Optimum pH is below 5.5

Front 13

Sulfolobus

Back 13

Archaea from acidic hot springs

Front 14

Lactobacillus

Back 14

Bacteria that produces lactic acid

Front 15

Thiobacillus

Back 15

Bacteria that produces sulfuric acid

Front 16

Alkalophiles

Back 16

Optimum pH above 8.0

Front 17

Adaptations for osmotic pressure

Back 17

1. Inclusion bodies
2. Compatible solutes
3. Stretch receptors

Front 18

Facultative halophiles

Back 18

1. Tolerate high solute concentrations
2. Fungi tend to be more tolerant than others

Front 19

Obligate halophiles

Back 19

1. Require high solute concentrations
2. Most marine microbes

Front 20

Extreme halophiles

Back 20

1. Require excessively high solute concentrations
2. Salt flats of Utah and Dead Sea
3. Mostly archaea