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204 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the combining form arthr/o, articul/o mean?
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joint.
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What does the combining form burs/o mean?
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purse or sac, bursa.
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What does the combining form carp/o mean?
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wrist.
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What does the combining form chondr/o mean?
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gristle, cartilage.
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what does the combining form condyl/o mean?
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knuckle of a joint.
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What does the combining form cost/o mean?
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rib.
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the combining form cran/o, crani/o mean?
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skull, cranium.
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the combining form fasci/o means?
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fascia.
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the combining form femor/o means?
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thigh, femur.
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the combining form fibr/o means?
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fiber.
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what does the combining form fibul/o mean?
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fibula.
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what does the combining form ili/o mean?
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flank, hip, groin, ilium of the pelvis.
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ischi/o means?
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ischium, hip joint, and or haunch.
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what does the combining form menisci/o mean?
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meniscus.
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what does the combining form muscul/o mean?
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muscle.
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the combining form myel/o means?
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bone marrow.
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what does the combining form my/o, myos/o mean?
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muscle.
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the combining form oste/o means?
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bone.
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pariet/o means?
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wall.
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patell/o means?
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patella.
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the combined form petr/o means?
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stone.
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phalang/o means?
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phalanges.
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the combining form phys/o means?
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growth.
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what does pub/o mean?
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pubis.
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the form radi/o means?
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radius.
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what does the term sacr/o refer to ?
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sacrum.
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what do the combined forms spondyl/o and vertebr/o refer to ?
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vertebra.
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stern/o refers to what?
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chest, sternum.
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synov/o and synovi/o refer to what?
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synovial.
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ten/o and tendon/o refer to what?
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tendon.
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what is the function of bone?
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to support soft tissues, and to store mineral salts including calcium and phosphorus.
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the prefix a- means?
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without.
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the prefix brady- means?
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slow.
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the prefix dys- means?
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bad, abnormal, painful, and difficult.
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the prefix hyper- means?
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excessive, abnormally high, and above.
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the combined form kinesi/o means?
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motion.
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the combined form tax/o means?
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reaction to a stimulus, movement.
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the combined form troph/o means?
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development.
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the suffix -algia, -dynia mean?
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condition of pain.
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the suffix -a means?
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singular.
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the suffix -ia means?
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condition of.
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the suffix -y means?
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process of.
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what is ataxia?
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the inability to coordiante muscles during a voluntary action.
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what is atrophy ?
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reduced muscle size and strength.
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what is bradykinesia?
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a condition of slow motion. it can be used as a clinical sign of an underlying bone, muscle, or nervous disorder.
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What is decalcification?
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abnormal reduction of calcium in bone.
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What is dyskinesia?
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bad, abnormal, painful, and or difficult motion.
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What is dystrophy?
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a process of bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult development.
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define hypertrophy.
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excessive muscle growth.
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define myalgia.
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condition of muscle pain. common sign of strenuous exercise.
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what is tenodynia?
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an indicator of minor injury to one or more tendons. common symptom of weekend athletes. it is tendon pain.
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what does the prefix para- mean?
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alongside or abnormal.
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what does the prefix poly- mean?
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many
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what does the prefix quadri- mean?
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four.
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the combining form ankyl/o means?
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crooked.
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the combined form kyph/o means?
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hump.
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the combined form leuk/o means?
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white.
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the combined form lith/o means?
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stone.
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the combined form lord/o means?
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bent forward.
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the combined form myos/o means?
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muscle.
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the combined forms ost/o, and oste/o mean?
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bone.
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the term por/o means?
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hole.
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the combined form sarc/o means?
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flesh or meat.
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the combined form scoli/o means?
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curved.
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the combined form spondyl/o means?
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vertebra.
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the suffix -asthenia means?
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weakness.
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the suffix -cele means?
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hernia, swelling, protrusion.
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the suffix -emia refers to what ?
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condition of blood.
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the suffix -genesis means?
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origin, cause.
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-malacia means?
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softening.
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-oma means?
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tumor.
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-osis means?
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condition of.
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the suffix -plasia means?
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formation or growth.
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the suffix -plegia means?
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paralysis.
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the suffix -ptosis means?
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drooping.
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what is achondroplasia?
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literally it means without the formation of cartilage, it is the also the main disease that causes dwarfism.
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define ankylosis?
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it means condition of crooked, it causes stiff and difficult to move joints.
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what is arthritis?
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the general disorder resulting in inflammation and degeneration of a joint.
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name the two major forms of arthritis.
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osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Which type of arthritis is autoimmune?
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RA (rheumatoid arthritis)
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define osteoarthritis.
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common condition where joint structures become worn over time and are replaced by bone.
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define rheumatoid arthritis.
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the autoimmune disease in which joint structures become eroded by the action of the body's own white blood cells.
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what is arthrochondritis?
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when articular cartilage within synovial joints undergoe inflammation resulting in joint pain during movements.
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what is unique about arthrochondritis?
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it is caused by a localized infection and it is only temporary.
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what is a bunion.
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an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe.
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define bursitis.
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inflammation of a bursa.
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what is bursolith?
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a calcium deposit within a bursa of the foot
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What is CTS?
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, and it is characterized by inflammation of the wrist that causes pressure agianst the median nerve resulting in localized pain with restricted movement.
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What is carpoptosis?
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also known as wrist drop, it is a weakness of the wrist resulting in difficuly supporting the hand.
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what are invloluntary muscle contractions that cause pain called?
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cramps.
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what is DJD?
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Degenerative Joint Disease caused by degenerating of cartilage that is progressive and replaced by bone.
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What is DMD?
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. it is a disease that children are occasionaly born with causing skeletal muscle degeneration resulting in progressive muscle weakness and deterioration.
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What is epicondylitis?
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inflammation of the epicondyles, common on the humerus by the elbow.
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What is fibromyalgia?
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a disease with an unknown origin tha produces widespread pain of musculoskeletal structures of the limbs, face, and trunk. It literally means pain of the fibers and muscles.
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Define fracture.
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a break in a bone.
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Define a Colles' fracture.
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a break in the distal part of the radius.
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What is a comminuted fracture?
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a break resulting in fragmentation of the bone.
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what is a compression fracture?
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a crushed break, often due to weight or pressure applied to a bone during a fall.
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describe a displaced fracture.
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a break causing an abnormal alignment of bone pieces.
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what is a epiphyseal fracture?
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a break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect the growth of the bone.
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what is a greenstick fracture?
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a slight break in a bone that appears as a slight fissure in an X-ray.
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what is a non-displaced fracture?
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a break in which the broken bones retain their alignment.
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What is a Pott's fracture?
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a break at the ankle that affects both bones of the leg.
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what is a spiral fracture?
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a spiral shaped break often caused by twisting stresses along a long bone.
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What is gout?
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sharp pain in the joints of toes caused by an abnormal accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints which are waste products of protein metabolism.
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what is a herniated disc?
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the rupture of an intervertebral disc that causes pressure aginst spinal nerves which generates back pain.
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What is kyphosis?
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A.K.A "humpback" is an abnormal upper back (thoracic) curve which bends posteriorly.
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Define lordosis.
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an abnormal curve in the lumbar region which curves anteriorly.
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define scoliosis.
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lateral curvature of the spine.
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what is marfan's syndrome?
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a result of excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates forming abnormally long limbs and tall thin body forms.
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what is mensicitis?
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inflammaton of the meniscus.
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what is myasthenia gravis?
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progressive failure of muscles to respond to nerve stimulation. literally it means "serious muscle weakness"
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what is myeloma?
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tumor of the red bone marrow.
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What is myocele?
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an injury to a muscle causing to the muscle to tear through the fascia causing a protrusion.
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what is myositis?
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common result of a muscle injury with local inflammation.
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define osteitis.
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inflammation of bone.
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what is osteitis deformans?
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it results in bone deformities due to the acceleration of bone loss.
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what is another name for osteitis deformans?
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Paget's disease.
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what is osteocarcinoma?
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bone cancer arising from epithelial tissue that has invaded a bone
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what is osteosarcoma?
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bone cancer arising from connective tissue usually within the bone itself.
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define osteogenesis imperfecta.
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literally it means imperfect bone development. it is an inherited disease resulting in impaired bone growth and fragile bones.
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what is osteomalacia?
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a disease resulting in the softening of bones
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define osteomyelitis.
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inflammation of red bone marrow and bone.
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what is osteoporosis?
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the abnormal loss of bone density.
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what is paraplegia?
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the loss of voluntary movement in the lower area below the hips including both legs.
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what is quadriplegia?
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paralysis of all four limbs.
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what is polymositis?
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inflammtion of many muscles. it is caused by a bacterial infection in which the muscles react by becoming inflamed.
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what is rickets?
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bones that have became softened due to the excessive removal of calcium for other body functions.
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rotator cuff injury can be what?
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inflammation, tearing, dislocation, or pain of the shoulder joint.
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what is an SCI?
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a spinal cord injury, due to trauma to the vertebral column which can result in paralysis of some sort.
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Define spondylarthritis.
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inflammation of the vertebral joints.
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What is a sprain?
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a tear of collagen fibers within a ligament.
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what is a strain?
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stretching a muscle beyond its normal range.
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What is TMJ?
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temporomandibular joint disease which is frequent dislocations that make it difficult and painful to move the jaw during speaking and chewing.
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what is tendonitis?
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inflammation of a tendon.
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define tenosynovitis.
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a form of tendonitis that also involves inflammation of the synovial membrane surrounding the joint.
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the combined form electr/o means?
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electricity.
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the combined form lamin/o means?
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thin, lamina.
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the combined form orth/o means?
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straight.
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the combined form syn/o means?
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connect.
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the suffix -centesis means?
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surgical puncture.
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the suffixes -clasia, and -clasis mean?
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break apart.
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the suffix -desis means?
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surgical fixation or fusion.
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the suffix -ectomy means?
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surgical removal or excision.
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the suffix -gram means?
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a record or image.
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the suffix -graphy means?
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recording process.
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the suffix -iatry means?
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treatment or specialty.
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the suffix -ist means?
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one who specializes.
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the suffix -lysis means?
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loosen or dissolve.
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the suffix -pathy means?
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disease.
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the suffix -plasty means?
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surgical repair.
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the suffix -rrhapy means?
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suturing.
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the suffix -scope means?
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instrument used for viewing.
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the suffix -scopy means?
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process of viewing.
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the suffix -tic means?
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pertaining to.
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the suffix -tomy means?
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incision or cut.
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what is arthrocentesis?
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when excess fluids are aspirated or withdrawn by suction, through a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity of the joint.
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what is athroclasia?
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when an abnormally stiff joint must be broken during surgery in order to increase Range of Motion.
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what is athrodesis?
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surgical fixation of a joint.
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what is a arthrogram?
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an image of a joint printed on a film for a pre-op analysis.
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define arthrolysis.
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when a joint is loosened of abnormal restrictions such as calcium deposits and bursoliths.
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what is arthroplasty?
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repair to a joint. complete arthroplasty is total joint replacement.
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define arthroscopy.
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the surgical term for using a endoscopic visual exam of a joint cavity using fiber optics, live action photography and computer enhancement known as an arthroscope.
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What is arthrotomy?
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a surgical incision into the synovial cavity of a joint.
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What is a bursectomy?
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a surgery invloving the removal of a bursa from a joint.
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what is chiropractic refer to?
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the field of therapy that is centered on the manipulation of bones, commonly the vertebral column.
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What is a chrondectomy?
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the surgical removal or excision of the cartilage associated with a joint.
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What is a chrondroplasty?
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surgical repair of cartilage of a joint.
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what is a costectomy?
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a surgery involving the removal of a rib.
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What is cranioplasty?
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when one or more bones of the cranium undergoe repain through means of surgery
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what is a craniotomy?
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the surgeons enter the cranial cavity.
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what is a diskectomy?
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a surgical procedure that is used frequently to reduce the pain of a herniated disc by surgically removing the intervertebral disk.
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What is electromyography?
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the measuring of muscle contraction and strength.
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define fasciotomy.
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a surgical incision into the connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle called fascia.
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What is fracture reduction?
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the treatment of fractures by aligning the broken bones to their normal positions.
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define myoplasty.
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surgical repair of a muscle.
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define myorrhapy.
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the repair including suturing the ends together in the procedure.
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What is NSAID's
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the most common pharmacological treatment for any condition including inflammation, or even muscle pain.
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What does NSAID mean?
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nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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what are orthotics?
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the field of medical support involving the construction and fitting of orthopaedic appliances to assist a patient such as lifts, limbs, and retraction devices.
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what is an ostectomy?
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the surgical removal or excision of bone tissue.
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what is osteoclasis?
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the necessary action of breaking a bone purposley to correct a defect or an improperly healed fracture.
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define osteopathy.
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the relationship between the musculoskeletal system and overall health with an emphasis on body alignment as well as nutrition.
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define osteoplasty.
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the surgical repair of bone.
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what is podiatry?
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the specialty of foot health.
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define tenomyoplasty.
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the surgical repair of both muscle and tendon.
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what is tenorrhapy?
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the suturing of a tendon to close a tear.
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what is a tenotomy?
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often used in a tenorrhapy procedure, tenotomy is making multilple incisions into a tendon.
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what is vertebroplasty?
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a surgical repair of damaged or diseased vertebrae.
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what is malpractice?
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professional misconduct or demonstration of an unreasonable lack of skill with the result of injury, loss, or damage to the patient.
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define negligence.
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unintentional action which occurs when a person either performs or fails to perform an action that a reasonable person would or would not have committed in a similar situation.
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what is malfeasance?
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performing a wrong and illegal act.
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what is misfeasance?
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improper performance of a lawful proper act.
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what is nonfeasance?
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the failure to perform a necessary action.
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what are the 4 D's of negligence?
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duty, dereliction of duty, direct or proper cause, and damages.
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what is duty?
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the responsibility established by the physician-patient relationship.
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Define dereliction?
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a failure to act as any physician in a prudent matter.
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what is direct cause?
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the continuous sequence of events unbroken by interveing cause that produces an injury and without which the injury would have not occured.
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what does res ipsa loquitur mean? and what does it do?
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it means the thing speaks for itself. and it applies to the law of negligence.
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what are damages?
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any injury caused by the defendant.
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what is fraud?
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delberate concealment of the facts from another person for unlawful or unfair gain.
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what does the statement res judicata mean?
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the thing has been decided.
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what are the two major types of insurance?
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claims made insurance, and occurence insurance.
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what medical prfession does not work for strictly under a doctor?
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pharmacist.
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