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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alimentary canal
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GI Tract |
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Bolus
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Mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed |
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Sphincter
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Circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body |
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Triglycerides
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Organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids |
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Mastication
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mechanically breaking down food (chewing) |
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Deglutition
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swallowing |
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Pharynx
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throat |
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Uvula
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soft fleshy V-shaped structure |
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Trachea
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Tube from the pharynx that leads to the lungs |
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Esophagus
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tube off the pharynx that leads to the stomach |
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Epiglottis
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small flap of cartilage that folds back to cover the trachea during swallowing |
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Peristalsis
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rhythmic muscle contractions |
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Lingu/o
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tongue |
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Gastr/o
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stomach |
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Hepat/o
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liver |
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Pancreat/o
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pancreas |
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Cholecyst/o
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gallbladder |
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-emesis
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vommit |
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-iasis
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abnormal condition |
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-megaly
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enlargement |
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-orexia
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appetite |
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-pepsia
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digestion |
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-phagia
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swallowing, eating |
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-rrhea
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discharge, flow |
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Dia-
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through, across |
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Peri-
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around |
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Stoma
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mouth |
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Hernia
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protrusion of any organ, tissue, or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained |
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Viscera
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protusions of abdominal organs |
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Inguinal
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groin |
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Umbilical
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navel |
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Hernioplasty/ herniorrhaphy
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Hernioplasty: surgical repair of the hernia Herniorrhaphy: suture of the abdominal wall |
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Hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver |
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Jaundice
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yellowing of the skin |
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Diverticulitis
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inflammation of the inner lining of the large inestines |
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Colorectal cancer
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one of most common types of intestinal cancer in the U.S. |
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Anorexia
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lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
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Ascites
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Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, most commonly as a result of chronic liver disease |
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Cachexia
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Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with AIDS and cancer |
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Cholelithiasis
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presence or formation of gallstones in the gall bladder or common bile duct |
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Cirrhosis
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Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease |
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Colic
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spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ, especially in the colon, accompanied by pain |
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Crohn disease
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Form of inflammatory bowel disease, usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract |
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Dysentery
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Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea |
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Dysphagia
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Inability or difficulty swallowing
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Fecalith
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fecal concreation |
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Flatus
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gas in the GI tract, expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus |
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Halitosis
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Foul-smelling breath |
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Obesity
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Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards 20% or more of ideal body weight |
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Morbid obesity
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40% or greater of ideal body weight |
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Regurgitation
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Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach |
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Nasogastric intubation
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Insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions; instill medication, food, or fluids, or obtain specimen for lab analysis |
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Bariatric surgery
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Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity |
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Colostomy
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Creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag |
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Computed tomography
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(CT) imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
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Ultrasonography
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High frequency sound waves directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure |
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Antacids
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counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach |
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Antidiarrheals
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control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract |
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Antiemetics
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Control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain |
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Antispasmodics
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Decrease gastrointestinal spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract |
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Laxatives
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Treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defecation |
