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17 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Cell Theory

states that all living things are made of one or more cells, the cells are the smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells

Macromolecule

substances that form by joining many small molecules together

Nucleic Acid

macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together; contain genetic information

Protein

long chains of amino acid molecules

Lipid

large macromolecules that do not dissolve in water

Carbohydrate

one sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or a long chain of sugar molecules

Cell Membrane:

a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside of the cell

Cell Wall

a stiff structure outside of the cell membrane

Cytoplasm

a fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules

Cytoskeleton

a network of threadlike proteins that are joined together

Organelle

structures inside cells that have specialized functions, most organelles are covered by a membrane

Nucleus:

the part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains genetic information stored in DNA

Chloroplast

membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food- a sugar called glucose- from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP

Glycolysis

a process by which glucose, a sugar, is broken down into smaller molecules

Fermentation

a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low

Photosynthesis

a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen (O2)