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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Liver |
Largest organ. Functions: 1.metabolism of substances via portal vein. 2.synthesis (blood clotting, storage of vit B) 3. detox and excretion |
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Biliary Tree |
A system of ducts acts to drain bile produced in the liver into the duodenum. |
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Biliary Tree Function |
Store and concentrate bile that has been produced in the liver |
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Pancreas |
Powerful digestive organ. |
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Exocrine function in Pancreas |
(Trypsin) Relating to external secretions glands, such as sweat glands or salivary glands that release a secretion through a duct to the surface of an organ. |
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Endocrine function in Pancreas |
(Insulin and Glucagon) group of cells secrete into blood or lymph circulating a substance (hormone) that has a specific effect on tissues in another part of the body |
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Gallbladder |
Store and concentrate bile
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Imaging considerations Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiopgraphy (PTC) |
Needle through skin, through liver, to gallbladder -Used to visualize biliary tree.. -Used to detect calculi or tumor in distal common bile duct |
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Imaging considerations Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) |
-Used to visualize biliary system and main pancreatic duct -Used o visualize nondilated ducts, distal obstructions, bleeding disorders, and pancreas |
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Imaging considerations Operative Cholangiography |
-Performed during surgery at time of cholecystectomy to detect biliary calculi and the need for common bile ducts exploration |
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Imaging considerations T-tube Cholangiopgraphy |
-Used after a cholecystectomy to demonstrate patency (openess) of the common bile duct and to check for calculi |
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Imaging considerations Ultrasound |
-Detect gallstones (1 cm easily found) |
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Imaging considerations CT |
Following malignancies and assessing masses (Gallbladder, liver , and pancreas) -Evaluation complications of cholecystitis |
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Imaging considerations Nuclear Medicine |
SPECT - hepatobiliary lesions Cholescintigraphy scans- distinguish acute from chronic cholecystitis |
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Imaging considerations MRI |
-Visualize gallbladder and biliary system w/ CT- evaluate abnormalities of peritoneum |
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Alcohol- Inducted Liver Disease |
(toxin to liver) -When metabolized by liver it results in cellular damage -Oxidation results in reduced gluconeogenesis (reduced glucose) and inc. fatty acid synthesis |
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Fatty Liver Infiltration |
-Chronic alcohol abuse leads to fatty liver, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) -most frequent response to alcohol abuse -usually asymptomatic, but most have hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) |
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Cirrhosis |
-Chronic liver condition, early stage asymptomatic -Parenchyma (functional tissue of liver) and architecture are destroyed =dying -Impaired liver function and portal hypertension (pressure build up) |
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Ascites |
Result of portal hypertension (pressure build up) and leakage of excessive fluids from portal capillaries -Result from chronic hepatitis (liver), CHF, renal failure, and certain cancers -Treatment= paracentesis (remove fluid from abdomen) |
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Viral Hepatitis Evidence |
Common liver condition -vomiting -tenderness over liver (inflammation) -fatigue -anorexia -photophobia -malaise |
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Hepatitis A (HAV) |
-fecal in GI tract -spread by contact -short term sickness |
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Hepatitis B (HBV) |
-vaccinated against as a kid -not common -spread by serum and blood |
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Hepatitis C (HCV) |
-more common -sexual contact/ blood transfusion/ needles -may cause acute or chronic -no treatment |
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Cholelithiasis (Gallstones) |
-very common in women -surgically removed (cholecystectomy) -acute onset pain and fever -untreated= peritonitis, rupture |
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Panreatitis |
-irreversible damages -causes: alcohol abuse, obstruction of the ampulla of vater (opening of duct) -diagnosed with ERCP and lab tests |
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Pancreatitis Symptomss |
-pain -nausea/ vomiting -severe pain -shock |
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Jaundice |
Yellowish bile pigment |
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Jaundice Medical vs. Surgical |
Medical (nonobstructive)- *children* caused by hepatocellular dysfunction.... -too many red blood cells are destroyed/ too much damage from cirrhosis/ hepatitis Surgical (obstructive)- biliary system is obstructive and stops bile from entering duodenum |
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Hepatocellular Adenoma |
(liver)
Benign tumor of liver -Occurs most often in women using oral contraceptives (birth control pill) |
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Hemangioma |
Most common liver tumor Benign neoplasm of newly formed blood vessels Generally not malignant |
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma) |
Malignant neoplasm in liver -surgical resection vs. ablation |
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Metastatic Liver Disease |
-More common than primary carcinoma due to livers role of filtering blood -CT and MRI for staging -Ultrasound for screening -Biopsy for diagnosis |
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Carcinoma of Gallbladder |
-infrequent -gallstones are common -RUQ pain -Results from Cholecystitis -low survival rate |
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Carcinoma in Pancreas |
-rapidly fatal -5th most common cause of cancer death -diagnosis is difficult due to location of pancreas -treatment: surgical resection -cause: alcohol |
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Good Job! You're done with Chapter 5 |
:) |
