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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the 3 principal flash points in North America?
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1. Border btw. British Nova Scotia and French Louisiana
2.New France and New York borders on Lake George, Lake Champlain, Niagra Falls 3. Ohio Country competition for land. |
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What did British officials promise the Iroquois Confederacy and the Ohio Indians in order to gain their support?
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Promised no further conflicts
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What victories did the British achieve between 1758 and 1760?
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British captured Louisberg in 1758
1759- Lost of French forts in NY Quebec and Montreal, Fort Oswego and Ft. Duquesne. |
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What resulted from the Treaty of Paris of 1763?
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French lost all mainland in North American Territory.
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Who was Pontiac and why did his rebellion end in stalemate?
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Ottowa Indian, forged a tribal conference but failed because of disease epidemic.
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What was the Proclamation of 1763 and why did this policy fail?
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Set aside west of Applachian mountains for Indians.British did not stop settlers from settling in Indian land.
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Whose political views did the colonial press express?
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John Peter Zenger-editior. Governor is a monkey. Expressed the Colonist views- Continental Perspective"
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What concept emerged from the Whig warnings of the government's threats to liberty?
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Republicanism: government must be limited, provide liberty to individuals, open to ideas, headright system: 50 acres per person: Free!
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Why did the Stamp Act precipitate an unprecedented crisis?
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Stamp Act was a tax on legal documents, mad people mad, caused recession, had to use gold and silver
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To what does the term "virtual representation" refer?
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Virtual representation: every member of Parliament represented every person in the British Empire.
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To what does the term "actual representation" refer?
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Actual representation: one person from your district representing you: one man, one vote.
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Who were the Sons of Liberty?
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Groups of craftsmen, lawyers, merchants, craftsmen, tried to calm down violence in Boston, moderate resistance movement
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What colonies attended the Stamp Act Congress and what resulted from the Congress?
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Passed set of resolutions that denied Parliament right to tax colonists, agreed to stop importations from Britain until Act repealed.
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Why did Parliament repeal the Stamp Act in March 1767?
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British merchants ere afraid of losing money.
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What was the Declaratory Act?
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Gave Parliament full authority to make laws for all the colonies.
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What did John Dickinson argue in Letters from a Farmed in Pennslyvania?
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No taxation without representation
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How did the British treat French-speaking farmers of Acadia?
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Harshly; expelled from homes and many moved to Louisiana
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Who became British Prime Minister in 1757 and what did he propose?
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William Pitt; promised to win the war
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To what plan did he commit to the British?
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Called for conquest of Canada and elimination of all French competition from North America
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Whose political views did the colonial press express?
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Whig party-"continental perspective" (see notes on John Peter Zenger)
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What concept emerged from the Whig warnings of the governments' threats to liberty?
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Republicanism
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What colonies attended the Stamp Act Congress and what resulted from the Congress?
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All except New Hampshire, Georgia, Virginia, and North Carolina; denied Parliament's rights to tax colonists, etc...
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Why did Parliament repeal the Stamp Act in March 1767?
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British merchants were afraid of losing money
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What was the Declaratory Act?
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Said Parliament had full authority to make laws for all of the colonies
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What did John Dickinson argue in Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania?
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No taxation without representation
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What measures did Townshend enact to enforce the new Revenue Acts?
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created admiralty courts and a board of commissioners of customs; also took away some colonial congresses
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What became the main weapon of the resistance movement to the Townshend Acts?
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nonimportation and nonconsumption; think Daughters of Liberty
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What conflict led to the incident which become known as the Boston Massacre?
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colonist were angered that soldiers were getting their jobs at a rope factory
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What were Committees of Correspondence and why were they organized?
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organized to share information, shape public opinion, and build cooperation among the colonies
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What was the purpose of the Tea Act of 1773?
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To support the failing East India company
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How did the colonists protest the Tea Act?
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Boston Tea Party, Tea Party in New York, burning of tea ship in Annapolis, burning of warehouse in New Jersey
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Why was the Boston Tea Party held?
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Because Thomas Hutchinson (governor) had given his sons jobs with the unloading of tea?
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What were the Coercive of "Intolerable" Acts and what was the purpose of the acts?
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Made to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party; closed Boston harbor until tea had been repaid, legalized troops to reside in houses, and terminated self-rule by colonial communities; also Quebec Act
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Why were the colonists alarmed by the Quebec Act?
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gave an absolute ruler, authoritarian government, feudal system of land, and established the Catholic Church as official language in Canada: colonists were afraid England would do the same to them
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Which colony made provision for a day of fasting and prayer in a show of support for the difficulties Boston was enduring?
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Virginia (then Lord Dunmore shut down the House of Burgesses)
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What did the Declaration and Resolves, passed by the delegates to the First Continental Congress, declare?
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the colonies had natural rights and rights from Parliament
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What happened when British troops left Boston to capture American ammunition at Concord?
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the midnight ride! (Paul Revere, John Prescott, and William Dawes); then Lexington and Concord starts the war
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What was the purpose of the Second Continental Congress?
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to organize the defense of the colonies
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What designation did Congress give the militia forces besieging Boston, and what title was George Washington given?
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Continental Army; Commander in chief
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What was the Olive Branch Petition?
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the last effort to achieve peace and compromise; appealed directly to king to satisfy conservatives
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Why did Canadians reject the overtures of the Second Continental Congress suggesting they unite against the British?
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the Canadians were afraid that the colonist would take them over
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What did Thomas Paine argue in Common Sense?
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British system of government was unfit for America
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What 2 foreign powers approved the shipping of supplies to the rebellious colonies?
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Spain and France
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What led to the Declaration of Independence?
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rejection of the Olive Branch petition and the British started hiring German mercenaries (Hessians)
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Why was the New York delegation to the Second Continental Congress angry about Ethan Allen's Campaign to take Fort Ticonderoga?
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Because it is in New York and it is a violation of colonial power
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