Chapter 6 Essentials Of Paramedic Care

Front 1

What is the Autonomic Nervous System?

Back 1

The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary (automatic) actions.

Front 2

What is autonomic ganglia?

Back 2

Groups of autonomic nerve cells located outside the central nervous system.

Front 3

What are preganglonic nerves?

Back 3

Nerve fibers that extend from the central nervous system to the autonomic ganglia.

Front 4

What are postganglionic nerves?

Back 4

Nerve fibers that extend from the autonomic ganglia to the target tissues.

Front 5

Explain what a neurotransmitter is?

Back 5

A chemical messenger that conducts a nervous impulse across a synapse.

Front 6

Synapse that use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter are ------ synapses.

Back 6

Cholinergic

Front 7

What does adrenergic mean?

Back 7

Pertains to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

Front 8

Parasympathomimetic

Back 8

Drug or other substance that causes effects like those of the parasympathetic nervous system (also called cholinergic)

Front 9

Parasympatholytic

Back 9

Drug or other substance that blocks or inhibits the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system (also called anticholinergic)

Front 10

What does SLUDGE stand for?

Back 10

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastric Motility
Emesis

Front 11

What are the two basic types of indirect-acting cholinergic drugs?

Back 11

Reversible inhibitors and irreversible inhibitors

Front 12

What is the difference between reversible inhibitors and irreversible inhibitors?

Back 12

How long they remain bound to cholinesterase.

Front 13

What is Neostigmine (prostigmin)?

Back 13

It is the prototype reversible cholinesterase inhibitor.

Front 14

Irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors have only one clinical function, what does it treat?

Back 14

Glaucoma

Front 15

Muscarinic Cholinergic Antagonists are?

Back 15

Cholinergic antagonists that block the effect of acetylcholine exclusively at the muscarinic receptors.

Front 16

What is the prototype anticholinergic drug?

Back 16

Atropine

Front 17

Atropine is classified as what kind of drug?

Back 17

Belladonna alkaloids

Front 18

List four types of parasympathetic acetylcholine receptors.

Back 18

Muscarinic
Nicotinic
Nicotinic n (neuron)
Nicotinic m (muscle)

Front 19

Nicotinic Cholinergic Antagonists block what and where?

Back 19

They block acetylcholine only at nicotinic sites.

Front 20

Neuromuscular blockers affect?

Back 20

Nicotinic m receptors

Front 21

What do neuromuscular blocking agents.

Back 21

Neuromuscular blockade produces a state of paralysis without affecting consciousness.

Front 22

The sympathetic nervous system releases norepinephrine and epinephrine from where?

Back 22

Norepinephrine- postganglionic end terminals
Epinephrine- adrenal medulla

Front 23

Beta-adrenergic antagonists are more commonly referred to as?

Back 23

Beta Blockers

Front 24

Drugs used to affect parasympathetic nervous system.

Back 24

Cholinergics (parasympathomimetics)
Anticholinergics (parasympatholytics)
Ganglionic Blocking Agents
Neuromuscular Blocking Agent
Ganglionic Stimulating Agents

Front 25

Drugs used to affect sympathetic nervous system.

Back 25

Drugs that stimulate sympathetic nervous system are sympathomimetics and ones that inhibit system are sympatholytics.

Front 26

List classes of cardiovascular drugs

Back 26

Antidysrhythmics
Antihypertensives
Hemostatic Agents
Antihyperlipidemic Agents

Front 27

In the list of cardiovascular drugs, What drugs fall under category of antidysrhythmics?

Back 27

Sodium Channel Blockers (Class I)
Beta Blockers (Class II)
Potassium Channel Blockers (Class III)
Calcium Channel Blockers (Class IV)

Front 28

Cardiovascular Drugs, What drugs fall under antihypertensives?

Back 28

Diuretics
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
Calcium Channel Blocking Agents
Direct Vasodilators

Front 29

Cardiovascular Drugs, What drugs are Hemostatic Agents?

Back 29

Antiplatelets
Anticoagulants
Fibrinolytics

Front 30

What is a hyperlipidemic?

Back 30

Drug used to treat high blood cholesterol.

Front 31

What drug was first used clinically in 1879?

Back 31

Nitroglycerin

Front 32

What are the 3 calcium channel blockers most frequently used?

Back 32

Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin),
Diltiazen (Cardizem),
Nifedipine (Procardia)

Front 33

What is hemostasis?

Back 33

The stoppage of bleeding.

Front 34

What is an anticoagulant?

Back 34

Drug that interrupts the clotting cascade.

Front 35

What is an antiplatelet?

Back 35

Drug that decreases the formation of platelet plugs

Front 36

What is a fibrinolytic?

Back 36

Drug that acts directly on thrombi to break them down; also called thrombolytic.