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189 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
brachycephalic
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dogs that have a short, wide head. Pugs and Pekingese
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dolichocephalic
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dogs that have narrow, long heads. Collies and greyhounds
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mesocephalic
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dogs that average width to their heads. Labrador retrievers
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digestive system
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body system that is a long, muscular tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus
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GI alimentary
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body system that is a long, muscular tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus
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gastrointestinal
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body system that is a long, muscular tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus
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mouth
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the beginning of a mechanical and chemical process of digestion
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os
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mouth
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PO
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per os (by mouth)
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oral cavity
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contain lips and cheeks, hard and soft palates, salivary glands, tongue, teeth and periodontium
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stomato
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mouth
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gnatho
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jaw
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pro
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over or elongated
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brachy
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short
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labia
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lips
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cheilo
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lips
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buccal
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directed toward the cheek
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palate
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roof of the mouth
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hard palate
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the bony rostral portion of the palate that is covered with specialized mucous membrane
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soft palate
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forms the flexible caudal portion of the palate
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rugae
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folds of specialized mucous membranes that can be found on the hard palate
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tongue
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movable muscular organ in the oral cavity used for tasting and processing food, grooming and articulating sound
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papilla
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elevations found on the dorsum of the tongue
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frenulum
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band of tissue underneath the tongue
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glosso
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tongue
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lingual
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tongue
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dentition
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teeth as a whole
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deciduous
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baby teeth
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permanent
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set of teeth designed to last the lifetime of an animal
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retained deciduous
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the deciduous tooth that has not been shed
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incisor
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front tooth used for cutting
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canine
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long, pointed bonelike tooth located between the incisors and premolars
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premolar
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cheek tooth found between the canine teeth and molars
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molar
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most caudally located permanent cheek tooth used for grinding
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cat dental formulae
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2(I 3/3, C 1/1, P3/2, M 1/1)
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dog dental formulae
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2(I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3)
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enamel
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hard white substance covering the dentin of the crown of the tooth
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cementum
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bonelike connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth
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pulp
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consists of nerves, blood vessels, and loose connective tissue
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apical foramen
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the hole at the tip of the root where nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth
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peridontal
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the structures that support the teeth
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alveolus
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sockets or saclike dilations
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gingival
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mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth and forms the mouth lining
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gingival sulcus
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between the tooth and gingival margin
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cheek teeth
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premolars and molars
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needle teeth
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deciduous canines and thrid incisor of pigs
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wolf teeth
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rudimentary premolar 1 in horses
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milk teeth
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first set of teeth
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tusks
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permanent canine teeth of pigs
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carnassial tooth
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large, shearing cheek tooth; upper P4 and lower M1 in dogs; upper P3 and lower M1 in cats
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fighting teeth
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set of six teeth in llamas that include upper vestigial incisors and upper and lower canines on each side
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salivary glands
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group of cells located in the oral vavity that secrete a clear substance containing digestive enzymes (saliva)
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saliva
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moistens food, begins the digestive process by aiding in bolus formation and some digestive enzyme activity, and cleanses the mouth
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sialo
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saliva
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hypsodont
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animals with continuously erupting teeth
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brachydont
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animals with permanently rooted teeth
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pharynx
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the cavity in the caudal oral vavity that joins the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems
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esophagus
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a collapsible, muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach
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sphincter
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the opening that constricts between the esophagus and stomach
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mastication
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chewing
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ingesta
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material taken in orally
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hypersalivation
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excessive production of saliva
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ptyalism
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hypersalivation
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deglutition
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the process of swallowing
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sialo
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saliva
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stomach
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the remaining organ of digestion after the esophagus. Located in the abdominal cavity
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abdomen
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the cavity located between the diaphragm and pelvis
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lapar
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abdomen
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peritoneum
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the membrane lining that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavities
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omentum
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apron. fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach to other organs
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monogastric
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simple stomach
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cardia
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entrance are located nearest the esophagus
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fundus
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base of an orga, which is the cranial, rounded part
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body
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main portion of an organ, which is the rounded base or bottom
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antrum
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caudal part, which is the constricted part of the stomach that joins the pylorus
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pylorus
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narrow passage between the stomach and duodenum
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rugae
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folds present in the mucosa of the stomach
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ruminants
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animals that regurgitate their food
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remasticate
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re chew
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rumen flora
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normal microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinal tract
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reticulum
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most cranial compartment of the ruminant stomach
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rumen
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largest compartment of the ruminant stomach that serves as a fermentation vat
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omasum
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third compartment of the ruminant stomach
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abomasum
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fourth compartment of the ruminant stomach
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small intestine
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extends from the pylorus to the proximal part of the large intestine
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mesentery
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a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the dorsal abdominal wall to the small intestine
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entero
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small intestine
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duodenum
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proximal or first portion of the small intestine
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jejunum
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middle portion of the small intestine
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ileum
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distal or last part of the the small intestine
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aboral
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distal portion of the ileum
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chyle
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milky fluid in the small intestine
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rumination
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the process of bringing up food
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regurgitation
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the animal takes a deep breath; the thoracic cavity enlarges; intrapleural pressure decreases; the cardia opens and because of the low pressure in the esophagus, the rumen content is aspirated into the esophagus. Reverse peristalsis occurs, and the food bolus quickly enters the mouth
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remastication
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liquid is squeezed out of bolus, and the liquid is reswallowed. Remastication and resalivation occur together and the animal may chew its cud 100 or more times before swallowing.
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resalivation
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liquid is squeezed out of bolus, and the liquid is reswallowed. Remastication and resalivation occur together and the animal may chew its cud 100 or more times before swallowing.
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redeglutition
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the bolus is reswallowed and the next rumination cycle begins. Rumination usually occurs when the animal is quiet. The time spent ruminating each day varies with species and diet. Smaller particles (such as ground feed) take less rumination time.
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herbivore
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an animal that is able to sustain life by eating plants
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omnivore
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an animal that sustains life by eating plant and animal tissue
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carnivore
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an animal that is able to sustain life by eating only animal tissue. A carnivore may eat a plant but that does not make an omnivore. A cat is a carnivore, but cats may occasionally eat grass. This does not make them omnivores.
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large intestine
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extends from the ileum to the anus
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cecum
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pouch of large intestine
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colon
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in between the cecum and the rectum
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rectum
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caudal portion of the large intestine
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anus
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caudal opening
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haustra
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sacculations
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teniae
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bands of smooth muscle in the cecal wall
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procto
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the anus and rectum collectively
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anal sacs
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pouches at 8 & 4
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liver
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located caudal to the diaphragm, removes excess glucose
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hepato
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liver
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bile
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produced by the liver
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biliary
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pertaining to bile
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gallbladder
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sac embedded in the liver that stores bile for later use
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cholo
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gallbladder
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cholecystic
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pertaining to the gallbladder
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pancreas
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elongated gland located near the cranial portion of the duodenum
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trypsin
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enzyme that digests protein
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amylase
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enzyme that digests starch
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lipase
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enzyme that digests fat
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digestion
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process of breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can use
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enzymes
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substances that chemically change another substance
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catabolism
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breaking down of body cells and substances
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anabolism
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building up of body cells and substances
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absorption
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the process of taking digested nutrients into the circulatory system
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villus
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a single hairlike projection in the small intestine
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villi
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hairlike projection in the small intestine
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prehension
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grasping of food involves collecting food in the oral vavity
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mastication
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breaks food into smaller pieces and mixes the ingesta with saliva
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deglutition
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moves chewed ingesta into the pharynx and into the esophagus
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peristalsis
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the series of wavelike contraction of smooth muscle. food moves down the esophagus by gravity and peristalsis
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chyme
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chewed up food bits
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defecation
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emptying of bowels
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aerophagia
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swallowing of air
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anal sacculitis
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inflammation of the pouches located around the anus
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inspissation
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the process of rendering dry or thick by evaporation and is used to descibe the anal sac fluid in animals with anal sacculitis
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anorexia
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lack or loss of appetite
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ascites
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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bloat
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accumulation of gas in the digestive tract
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borborygmus
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gas movement in the gastrointestinal tract that produces a rumbling noise
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bruxism
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involuntary grinding of the teeth
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cachexia
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general ill health and malnutrition
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colic
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severe abdominal pain
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colitis
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inflammation of the colon
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constipation
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condition of prolonged gastrointestinal transit time, making the stool hard, dry and difficult to pass
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coprophagia
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ingestion of fecal material
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emesis
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forcible expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth
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enteritis
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inflammation of the small intestine
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eructation
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belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
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eviscerate
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remove or expose internal organs
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flatulence
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excessive gas formation in the gastrointestinal tract
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GDV
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gastric dilatition volvulus
condition usually seen in deep chested canines in whech the stomach fills with air, expands and twist on itself |
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gastroenteritis
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inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
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glossitis
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inflammation of the tongue
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hyperglycemia
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elevated blood sugar levels
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hypoglycemia
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lower than normal blood sugar levels
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incontinence
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inability to control
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intussusception
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telescoping of one part of the intestine into an adjacent part
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icterus
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jaundice
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malocclusion
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abnormal contact between the teeth
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megaesophagus
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abnormally large esophagus
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melena
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black stools containing digested bloodq
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nausea
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stomach upset or sensation of urge to vomit
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pica
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eating and licking abnormal substances or a depraved appetite
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polydipsia
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excessive thirst or drinking
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polyuria
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excessive urination
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polyp
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small growth on mucous membrane
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prolapse
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protrusion of vescera
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regurgitation
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return of swallowed food into the oral cavity; a passive event compared with the froce invoved with vomiting
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scours
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diarrhea in livestock
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stenosis
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narrowing of an opening
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stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth
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tenesmus
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painful, ineffective defecation
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ulcer
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erosion of tissue
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volvulus
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twisting on itself; twist around long axis of mesentery
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torsion
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axial twist; twist around the long axis of gut
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abdominocentesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen
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anastomosis
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surgical connection between two tubular or hollow structures
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drench
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to give medication in liquid form by mouth and forcing the animal to drink
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emetic
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producing vomiting
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extraction
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removal
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fistula
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abnormal passage from an internal organ to the body surface or between two internal organs
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float
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instrument used to file or rasp an equines premolar or molar teeth
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gastropexy
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surgical fixation of the stomach to the abdominal wall
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gavage
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forced feeding or irrigation through a tube passed into the stomach
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laparotomy
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surgical incision into the abdomen
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nasogastric intubation
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placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach
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orogastric intubation
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passage of a tube from the mout to the stomach
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trocarization
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insertion of a pointed instrument into a body cavity or an organ
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