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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the layers inside and out of the skeletal cartilage?
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Chondrocytes inside lacunae, then ECM, then perichondrium(dense Irreg. ct) vascular , with more chondrocytes.
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What are the ways that skeletal cartilage grow?
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Appositionally, growing from outside
Interstitionally, growth from inside. |
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Is the perichondrium vascular or avascular
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Vascular
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What makes the ECM in the skeletal cartilage?
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Chondrocytes.
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Cartilage continues growth all our life.
T/F |
False. Stops in adolescence, and becomes more calcified and brittle as we age.
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Where is hyaline cartilage located?
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In surfaces of articulations, 2 bones come together. Femur to saccral, Ribtosternum, vertebrae,under meniscus, elbows tarsals, carpal
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What is hyaline cartilage's function?
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For smooth movement.
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Where is elastic cartilage located?
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Epiglottis, Ear very pliable for these areas
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Where is Fibrocartilage located?
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Vertebrae, knees, pubic symphysis. Very strong and compressible. Has to bear a lot of weight.
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What are the 2 ways we classify bones.
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By their position, and by their shape.
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What makes the bones go brittle?
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Calcium salts.
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Hyaline cartilage is also known as...?
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Articular cartilage
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Where are the meniscus (fibrocartilage) located in relation to hyaline cartilage?
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Above the hyaline and in the knee.
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How many bones are there?
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206 bones in the body
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What parts are included in the axial skeleton?
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head to tail: skull, vertebral column, rib cage and sacrum. These are bones involved in protection and support
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What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
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Limbs (rt & left)arms & legs; Girdles (which is where appendicular & axial connect) shoulder, pelvic. Purpose for append. skel is loc. & manipulation
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Describe the long bone
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2 heads: proximal and distal, and shaft. All the bones of the limbs, except the patella, carpals and tarsals.
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Describe the short bones
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cube-shaped, patella, carpals and tarsals: (exceptions from the long bone group)
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Describe the flat bones
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found in axial skeleton: sternum, skull, ribs and scapula
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Irregular bones
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vertebrae, hip bones.
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What are the 5 functions of bones?
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Support (wt.),Protection(lungs, brn, spin. cord),Movement(levers formus -cles toact),Mineral Stor(bons alive!,calc, phosph),Hematopoiesis Makes blood cels (ie Langerhans)
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What do you call it when you look at the bone and further inspect it's structure?
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Gross anatomy and markings
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In the anatomy of the bone, what are the terms referring to the outside
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Compact Bone or Lamellar bone: layered, dense and has osteon.
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In the anatomy of the bone, what are the terms referring to the inside of the bone
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Spongy bone or cancellous bone, honeycomb,in prox.&distal heads, spongy bone.Bone form. w/open spaces of trabiculae; red bone mrw
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What are the 3 main structure components of the long bone?
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Diaphysis, Epiphyses, and Membranes.
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What is the Diaphysis in the long bone?
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It is the tubular shaft that forms the long axis of the bone composed of thick collar, compact bone and the medullary cavity.
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What are the epiphyses of the long bone?
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They are the bone ends, usually more expanded round than the diaphyses. Outside is the compact bone, inside is spongy bone, outside covered w/cart.
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What is in the membrane part of the long bone?
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Periosteum: double membraned: outer=fibrous dense irreg. ct,& inner Osteogeneic layr: w/osteoblasts that build bone; osteoclastsdestroy bone,then there's endosteum
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What does it mean to be osteogenic?
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Building bone and breaking down bone.
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T/F The delicate connective tissue, 2nd membrane endosteum is found in trabiculae?
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True it is the inside coating of the trabiculae or spongy bone. It is osteogenic, and vascular.
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What it the epiphyseal line?
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Remnant of epiphyseal plate (disc of hyaline cartilage, grows during childhd to lengthen the bone), Replace w/ spongy bone when we stop growth.
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What are the distinctions of short, irregular, and flat bones?
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Outer part is compact bone, inner is spongy bone (diploe), has no shaft, no medullary cavity, but does have marrow in trabicullary area, sandwich
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What tissue is bone marrow made from?
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Hematopoietic.
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What are the distinctions of red bone marrow?
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Found in trebicullar cavities (spongy bone) red cells, not much fat, sternum hip area.
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What are the distinctions of yellow bone marrow?
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Found in medullary cavity; yellow cuz of fat content.
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What is the histology of compact bone?
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The structural and functional unit = osteon aka Haversian system, lamellated areas are interlaced w/collagen fibers which makes it Give
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What 2 things makes are bones break as we get older?
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Calcium salts and less collagen.
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How does an osteon get its main blood source?
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Through the Haversian (Central) Canal
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Where do lacunae live?
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Bone and cartilage.
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What are the spider-looking structures found in the lamellated layers of bone?
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Osteocytes. They have tentacle projections that reach through the canaliculi and connect lacunae to each other and to the central canal.
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Describe the components and function of the central canal.
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Artery with capillaries, veins and nerve fibers. Has a nutrient foramen that brings blood vessels and connects to the central canal.
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Where do osteocytes live?
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In lacunae between rings of lamella. Osteocytes hold hands through a gap junction that allows a passage of nutrients.
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Describe the bone chemistry
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Inorganic:65% of matrix, Ca+salts & min. salts; Organic:living, cells osteoblasts& osteoclasts, 35% of ECM osteoid ground sub, & fibers
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