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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ion
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An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons (example: a positively charged potassium ion)
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Chemical Reaction
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The process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances.
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Isotopes
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Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons
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Solute
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The substance that is dissolved in the solvent (salt is the solute in salt water)
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Solvent
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The substance that dissolves the solute (water is the solvent in salt water)
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Carbohydrates
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Made of sugars and provides energy for organisms
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Proteins
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Made of amino acids
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Nucleic acids
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Made of nucleotides and communicates genetic information
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Lipids
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Made of fatty acids and do not dissolve in water
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Atom
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The building blocks of matter
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Compound
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A pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine (example: magnesium oxide is made of magnesium and oxygen)
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Product
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The compound formed in a chemical reaction (example: the products of photosynthesis is sugars and oxygen)
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Reactant
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The compound consumed in a chemical reaction (example: the reactants of photosynthesis is carbon dioxide and light)
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Acid
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A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
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Base
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A substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution
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Half Life
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The mount of time it takes for a substance to decay to half of its original amount
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Protons
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Located in the nucleus and are positively charged
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Neutrons
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Located in the nucleus and have no charge (neutral)
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Nucleus
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Made of protons and neutrons
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Electrons
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Located around the nucleus and are negatively charged
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Covalent Bond
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A bond formed when atoms share electrons
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Ionic Bond
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A bond formed from the electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms
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Activation Energy
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The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction
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Enzymes
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Special proteins that are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes by lowering the activation energy for the reaction
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Sodium metal is very reactive in water. Chlorine gas is poisonous. How is it possible for us to eat salt, which is made of sodium and chlorine atoms?
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The chemical properties of elements change when they combine to form a compound
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Groups
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Vertical columns in a periodic table. These elements have the same chemical properties.
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Why do we need lipids?
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For long term storage of energy in case of events like famine
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