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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Energy
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ability to do work
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kinetic energy
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the energy of motion
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potential energy
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stored energy
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energy can take many forms
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mechanical, heat, chemical, electrical, light
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cells and organisms
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need a constant supply of energy
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Sunlight is used to make what?
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glucose
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What is potential energy within the bonds of organic molecules like glucose?
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Chemical energy
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Energy flows in how many directions?
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ONE
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Two Laws of Thermodynamics
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Law of conservation of energy
Law of Increased Entropy |
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Relative amount of disorganization
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Entropy
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The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
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Metabolism
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Catabolism
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breaking down molecules
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Anabolism
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building molecules
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Free Energy (Delta G)
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amount of energy available
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Exergonic reactions
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release energy
Delta G is negative products have LESS free energy then reactants spontaneous |
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Endergonic reactions
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require an input of energy
Delta G is positive products have MORE free energy then reactants |
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ATP
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adenosine triphosphate
(energy currency for cells) |
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What is a nucleotide composed of?
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nitrogen base
5-carbon sugar 3 phosphate |
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Coupled Reactions
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The energy released by an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction
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ATP can be used for what 3 types of work?
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chemical (powers anabolism)
transport (powers membrane) mechanical (muscles contact, cilia &flagella) |
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Proteins that function to speed up a chemical reaction
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Enzymes
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reactant in an enzymatic reaction
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substrate
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series of linked reactions is called
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metabolic pathways
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Product of one reaction becomes the __________ of the next reaction?
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substrate
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Enzyme equation
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E + S -----> E.S. complex ----->Product + E
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What are the factors that affect enzymatic reaction rate?
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Substrate Concentration
Temp pH Enzyme Activation Enzyme Inhibition |
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Oxidation
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is the loss of hydrogen ions and electron
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Reduction
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is the gain of hydrogen ions and electron
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Photosynthesis summer equation
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Energy + 6CO2 + 6H20 ------> C6 12H2O 06+6O2
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