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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Affinity
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the strength with which a ligand interacts with a binding site. It is represented quantitatively by the affinity constant Ka.
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Equilibrium dialysis
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an experimental technique that can be used to determine the affinity of an antibody for antigen and its valency
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Avidity
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the strength of antigen-antibody binding when multiple epitopes on an antigen interact with multiple binding sites of an antibody
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Cross-reactivity
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ability of a particular antibody or T-cell receptor to react with two or more antigens that possess a common epitope
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ABO blood-group antigens
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antigenic determinants of the blood-group system defined by the agglutination of red blood cells exposed to anti-A and anti-B antibodies
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Precipitins
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an antibody that aggregates a soluble antigen, forming a macromolecular complex that yields a visible precipitate
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Equivalence zone
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the point or region of a gel in which the ratio of antigen to antibody is optimal for the production of an antigen-antibody precipitate
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Radical immunodiffusion
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a method for determining the relative concentration of an antigen. The antigen sample is placed in a well and allowed to diffuse into agar containing a suitable dilution of an antiserum. The area of the precipitin ring that forms around the well in the region of equivalence is proportional to the concentration of antigen.
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Double immunodiffusion
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a type of precipitation in gel analysis in which both antigens and antibody diffuse radially from wells toward each other, thereby establishing a concentration gradient. As equivalence is reached, a visible line of precipitation, a precipitin line, forms.
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Immunoelectrophoresis
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a technique in which an antigen mixture is first separated into its component parts by electrophoresis and then tested by double immunodiffusion
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Rocket electrophoresis
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the electrophoresis of a sample of negatively charged antigen in a gel that contains antibody. The precipitate formed between antigen and antibody has the shape of a rocket, whose height is proportional to the concentration of antigen in the sample.
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Agglutination
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the aggregation or clumping of particles or cells
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Agglutinins
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a substance capable of mediating the clumping of cells or particles. In particular, a hemagglutinin causes clumping of RBC
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Prozone effect
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the apparent decrease in an antigen-antibody reaction sometimes observed as the concentration of antigen or antibody is increased
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