Chapter 6 And 7

Front 1

2 powers that cause the cervix to open and propel the fetus downward through the birth canal

Back 1

1. Uterine contractions
2. Mother's pushing efforts

Front 2

Primary powers of labor during first stage (from onset until full dilation of the cervix).

Back 2

Uterine Contractions

Front 3

Contractions cause the cervix to:

Back 3

Efface (thin) and Dilate (open)

Front 4

Determined by touch rather than an exact measurement:

Back 4

Effacement and Dilation

Front 5

3 phases of contractions:

Back 5

1. Increment
2. Peak
3. Decrement

Front 6

Contractions are described by:

Back 6

Frequency
Duration
Intensity
Interval

Front 7

Elapsed time from the beginning of one contraction to the next contraction

Back 7

Frequency

Front 8

Report frequency of contractions when they:

Back 8

occur more often than every 2 minutes. It may reduce fetal oxygen supply.

Front 9

Elapsed time from the beginning of a contraction until the end of the same contraction. The average number of seconds that contractions last:

Back 9

Duration

Front 10

Persistent contraction duration longer than _______ may reduce fetal oxygen supply and should be reported.

Back 10

90 seconds

Front 11

Approximate strength of the contraction

Back 11

Intensity

Front 12

The amount of time the uterus relaxes between contractions. Blood flow from the mother into the placenta to the fetus resumes and fetal waste is removed during this time.

Back 12

Interval

Front 13

Persistent contraction interval shorter than ______ may reduce oxygen supply

Back 13

60 seconds

Front 14

Explain maternal exhaustion:

Back 14

It is why the mother must wait until the cervix is fully dilated to push or she will get too tired to feel the urger or too tired for the final phase of pushing.

Front 15

The space where two sutures intersect forms a membrane-covered "soft spot"

Back 15

Fontanelle (fontanel)

Front 16

Allows for easier delivery through molding and growth of the skull during an infant's first year

Back 16

Fontanel

Front 17

Diamond shaped. Formed by intersection of frontal, sagittal, and two coronal sutures:

Back 17

Anterior Fontanelle

Front 18

Tiny triangular depression formed by intersection of three sutures (one sagittal and two lamboid)

Back 18

Posterior Fontanelle

Front 19

The most common fetal lie:

Back 19

Longitudinal Lie

Front 20

Irregular contractions that begin early pregnancy and intensify as full term approaches.

Back 20

Braxton Hicks Contractions

Front 21

Although called "false labor", they play a part in preparing the cervix to dilate and in adjusting the fetal position

Back 21

Braxton Hicks Contractions

Front 22

When should vaginal secretions be reported?

Back 22

When they are itching and irritating

Front 23

Thick mucus mixed with pink or dark brown blood. Occurs as birth approaches and the cervix undergoes changes in preparation for labor

Back 23

Bloody Show

Front 24

Major risk after the rupture of the membranes:

Back 24

Infection

Front 25

Required for all mechanisms of labor to occur and for the infant to be born and occurs during each mechanism of labor

Back 25

Descent

Front 26

Occurs when the biparietal diameter of the fetal head reaches the level of the ischial spines of the mother's pelvis (presenting part is at zero or lower)

Back 26

Engagement

Front 27

Describes the level of the presenting part (usually the head) into the pelvis

Back 27

Station

Front 28

Helps the fetus pass more easily through the pelvis

Back 28

Flexion

Front 29

When to report a FHR?

Back 29

Below 110 or Above 160

Front 30

Rate increases of at least 15 beats/min more than baseline that last approx 15 seconds. Suggests a fetus that is well oxygenated and is known as a "reassuring pattern"

Back 30

Accerlerations

Front 31

Rate decreases during contractions; they always return to the baseline by the end of the contractions. Results from compression of the fetal head and is a reassuring sign of fetal well being:

Back 31

Early Decelerations

Front 32

Begin and end abruptly. Are V, W, U shaped. Do not always show a consistent pattern in relation to contraction. Suggests that the umbilical cord is being compressed often around the fetal neck or because of inadequate amniotic fluid to cushion it well

Back 32

Variable Decelerations

Front 33

Look similar to early decelerations, except they do not return to the baseline FHR until after the contraction ends. Suggest placenta not delivering enough oxygen to the fetus (uteroplacental insufficiency). Nonreassuring Pattern

Back 33

Late Decelerations

Front 34

Associated with V, W, U shaped pattern

Back 34

Variable Deceleration

Front 35

Associated with Nuchal Cord

Back 35

Variable Deceleration

Front 36

Considered a reassuring pattern:

Back 36

Acceleration/ Early Deceleration

Front 37

Considered a nonreassuring pattern:

Back 37

Late Decelerations

Front 38

Rate decreases then returns back to baseline by end of contraction

Back 38

Early Decelerations

Front 39

Rate increases at least 15 beats/min more than baseline that lasts approximately 15 seconds

Back 39

Accelerations

Front 40

Associated with uteroplacental insufficiency

Back 40

Late Decelerations

Front 41

Test done if it is not clear if the mother's membranes have ruptured

Back 41

Nitrazine Test (Fern Test)