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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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State
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A form of government with an internally specialized and hierarchically organized decision-making apparatus. Generally has three or more administrative levels.
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Empire
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A union of dispersed territories, colonies, states, and unrelated peoples under one sovereign rule.
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San José Mogote
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First occupied before 1400 B.C. It appears to be one of the oldest pottery-using village in the valley.
Small households were equipped with braziers (earth ovens). In total each household encompassed about 3200 sq ft. Clay figures of humans and animals. Households were generally free of hierarchical control. Household autonomy began to diminish after 1150 B.C. Magnetit was polished into mirrors and traded along with stingray spines. After 700 B.C. differebces between communities became even larger. Kent Flanery and Joyce Marcus Second largest city of Zapotec state. |
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Nonresidential architecture
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Building that hold other purposes than just living in. Events could range from wedding to funerals etc. Helps tell us a lot about a civilization.
Earliest was thought to be Gheo-Shih, a preceramic temporary campsite. |
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La Venta
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Large stone heads were found here. Age is from 900-400 BC.
At its peak it was a very impressive center. Pyramids of different clay colors. Rulers were probably the ones with he giant stone head carvings. |
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San Lorenzo
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Michael D. Coe
Mapped hundreds of monuments, mounds and other features visible on the surface. Reached its peak sometime around 1150-900 BC Made connections with foregin villages. |
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Were-jaguar
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A representation of a supernatural figure that is half jaguar and half man. A common symbol in Preclassic Mesoamerica
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Horizon
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A widely distributed set of cultural traits and artifact assemblages whose distribution and chronology suggest they spread rapidly. A horizons is often composed of artifacts associated with a shared symbolic or ritual system.
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El Mirador
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Mayan civilization, located in Guatemala
Hard to access due to dense tropical forest. Largest Maya site known today |
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Stela
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An erect stone monument that is often carved
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Monte Albán
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Richard Blanton.
Valley of Oaxana. Monte Albán I, 500-200 B.C., more than 300 stone monuments were carved and displayed in public building. Monte Albán II 200 B.C.-200 A.D. the site expanded it's power and control. Defensive wall created. Monte Albán III 200-800 A.D. Power outside Valley of Oaxaca diminished, but still had power within. Greatest size with 25,000-30,000 people City lost it's grandeur after 700 A.D. |
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tzompantli
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Skulls of 61 inhabitants on a rack. Associated with Monte Albán II. Associated with military conquest as well
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Teothihuacán
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Before 500 B.C. at site called Cuicuilco.
Why did it grow? (Different Theories) William Sanders - Water Control is main reason Michael Spence - manufacture of obsidian (trade) John Clark - Obsidian was just for local use The Great Compound (marketplace) and Ciudadela (citadel) No royal tombs have been found. Pyarmid of the Moon and the Sun are two largest structures. (Sun larger) |
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Talud-tablero
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An architectural style characteristic of Teotihuacan during the Classic period, in which recessed rectangular panels are separated by sloping aprons
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Ballgame
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Tlachtil - Aztech word for this
Played throughout MesoAmerica. As early as 1000 B.C. |
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Tikal
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Two areas that are above swampy areas.
Core of city was Great Plaza. Temple of the Great Jaguar. Temple I dedicated to Jasaw Chan K'awiil I Temple II to his wife Two main ruling dynastys. First included females. Second included Jasaw Chan K'awiil Main rival was Calakmul. |
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Acropolis
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A raised complex of palaces and courtyards, especially in Mesoamerica and Greece
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Emblem glyph
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A set of Maya hieroglyphs; generally, each emblem glyph is specific to a given Classic Maya city
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Chinampa
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An agricultural field created by swamp drainage or landfill operations along the edges of lakes
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Palenque
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Physical realm into four places.
Emerged as a major power and building boom occured i 615 A.D. One of the earliest to experience collapse. By 889 A.D. no longer considered one of the four primary centers of Maya region. |
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Lord Pakal
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Part of Palenque. Buried in an elaborate tomb.
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Calendar round
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pg. 369
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Tula
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Capital City of Tultec
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Chichén Itzá
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INSERT
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