Chapter 6 - A Tour Of The Cell

Front 1

Chloroplast

Back 1

organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place

Front 2

Mitochondria

Back 2

cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs

Front 3

ATP

Back 3

main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Front 4

Cell Theory

Back 4

generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

Front 5

Micrograph

Back 5

photograph of the view through a microscope

Front 6

Organelle

Back 6

part of a cell with a specific function

Front 7

Plasma Membrane

Back 7

thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings

Front 8

Nucleus

Back 8

in a cell, the part that houses the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

Front 9

Cytoplasm

Back 9

region of cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane

Front 10

Cell Wall

Back 10

strong wall outside a plant cell’s plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape

Front 11

Prokaryotic Cell

Back 11

cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles

Front 12

Eukaryotic Cell

Back 12

cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles

Front 13

Phospholipid Bilayer

Back 13

2-layer “sandwich” of molecules that surrounds a cell

Front 14

Diffusion

Back 14

net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated

Front 15

Equilibrium

Back 15

point at which the number of diffusing molecules moving in 1 direction is equal to the number moving in the opposite direction

Front 16

Selectively Permeable Membrane

Back 16

membrane that allows some substances to pass more easily than others and blocks the passage of some substances altogether

Front 17

Passive Transport

Back 17

diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell

Front 18

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 18

pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane

Front 19

Osmosis

Back 19

passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Front 20

Hypertonic

Back 20

having a higher concentration of solute than another solution

Front 21

Hypotonic

Back 21

having a lower concentration of solute than another solution

Front 22

Isotonic

Back 22

having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution

Front 23

Active Transport

Back 23

movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell

Front 24

Vesicle

Back 24

small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell

Front 25

Endocytosis

Back 25

process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that buds inward from the plasma membrane

Front 26

Exocytosis

Back 26

process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane

Front 27

Nuclear Envelope

Back 27

double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus

Front 28

Nucleolus

Back 28

ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus

Front 29

Ribosome

Back 29

cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell

Front 30

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 30

network of membranes within a cell’s cytoplasm that produce a variety of molecules

Front 31

Golgi Apparatus

Back 31

cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products

Front 32

Vacuole

Back 32

membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus

Front 33

Lysosome

Back 33

membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides

Front 34

Microtubule

Back 34

straight, hollow tube of proteins that gives rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell

Front 35

Microfilament

Back 35

solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtubule, that enables a cell to move or change shape

Front 36

Flagella

Back 36

long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move

Front 37

Cilia

Back 37

short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface