Cardiovascular System

Front 1

aorta

Back 1

largest artery of the body; vessel through which oxygenated blood exits the heart

Front 2

aortic valve

Back 2

valve between the aorta and left ventricle

Front 3

arteriole

Back 3

a tiny artery connecting to a capillary

Front 4

artery

Back 4

a thick-walled blood vessel that, in systemic circulation, carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

Front 5

atrioventricular bundle

Back 5

bundle of fibers in the interventricular septum that transfers charges in the heart's conduction system; also called bundle of His

Front 6

atrioventricular node (AV)

Back 6

specialized part of the interatrial septum that sends a charge to the bundle of His

Front 7

atrioventricular valve

Back 7

one of two valves that controls blood flow between the atria and ventricles

Front 8

atrium

Back 8

either of two upper chambers of the heart

Front 9

bicuspid

Back 9

atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart

Front 10

blood

Back 10

essential fluid made up of plasma and other elements that circulates throughout the body; delivers nutrients to and removes waste from the body's cells

Front 11

blood pressure

Back 11

measure of the force of blood surging against the walls of the arteries

Front 12

blood vessel

Back 12

any of the tubular passageways int he cardiovascular system through which blood travels

Front 13

bundle of His

Back 13

atrioventricular bundle

Front 14

capillary

Back 14

the smallest blood vessel that forms the exchange point between the arterial and venous vessels

Front 15

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Back 15

waste material transported in the venous blood

Front 16

cardiac cycle

Back 16

repeated contraction and relaxation of the hear as it circulates blood within itself and and pumps it out to the rest of the body or the lungs

Front 17

cardiovascular

Back 17

relating to or affecting the hear and the blood vessels

Front 18

carotid artery

Back 18

artery that transports oxygenated blood to the head and neck.

Front 19

conduction system

Back 19

part of the heart containing specialized tissue that sends electrical charges through heart fibers causing the heart to contract and relax at regular intervals

Front 20

coronary artery

Back 20

blood vessel that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the heart

Front 21

depolarization

Back 21

contracting state of the myocardial tissue in the heart's conduction system

Front 22

diastole

Back 22

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

Front 23

ductus arteriosus

Back 23

structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the fetus's nonfunctioning lungs

Front 24

ductus venosus

Back 24

structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the fetal liver

Front 25

endocardium

Back 25

membranous lining of the chambers and valves of the heart; the innermost layer of heart tissue

Front 26

endothelium

Back 26

lining of the arteries that secretes substances into the blood

Front 27

epicardium

Back 27

outermost layer of heart tissue

Front 28

femoral artery

Back 28

an artery the supplies blood to the thigh

Front 29

foramen ovale

Back 29

opening in the septum of the fetal heart that closes at birth.

Front 30

heart

Back 30

muscular organ that receives blood from veins and sends it into arteries.

Front 31

inferior vena cava

Back 31

large vein that draws blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium.

Front 32

left atrium

Back 32

upper left heart chamber

Front 33

left ventricle

Back 33

lower left heart chamber

Front 34

lumen

Back 34

channel inside an artery through which blood flows

Front 35

mitral valve

Back 35

bicuspid valve

Front 36

myocardium

Back 36

muscular layer of heart tissue between the epicardium and endocardium.

Front 37

pacemaker

Back 37

term for sinoartial (SA) node; also an artificial device that regulates heart rhythm

Front 38

pericardium

Back 38

protective covering of the heart

Front 39

polarization

Back 39

resting state of the myocardial tissue in the conduction system of the heart

Front 40

popliteal artery

Back 40

an artery that supplies blood to the cells of the area behind the knee

Front 41

pulmonary artery

Back 41

one of two arteries that carry blood that is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs.

Front 42

pulmonary valve

Back 42

valve that controls the blood flow between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries

Front 43

pulmonary vein

Back 43

one of four veins that bring oxygenated blood from lungs to the left atrium

Front 44

pulse

Back 44

rhythmic expansion and contraction of blood vessel, usually an artery.

Front 45

repolarization

Back 45

recharging state; transition from contraction to resting that occurs in the conduction system of the heart

Front 46

right atrium

Back 46

upper right chamber of the heart

Front 47

right ventricle

Back 47

lower right chamber of the heart

Front 48

saphenous vein

Back 48

any group of veins that transport deoxygenated blood from the legs

Front 49

semilunar valve

Back 49

one of the two valves that prevents the backflow of blood flowing out of the heart into the aorta and the pulmonary artery

Front 50

septum

Back 50

partition between that left and right chambers of the heart

Front 51

sinoatrial node (SA node)

Back 51

region of the right atrium containing specialized tissue that sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle, causing it to contract.

Front 52

sinus rhythm

Back 52

normal heart rhythm

Front 53

superior vena cava

Back 53

large vein that transports blood collected from the upper part of the body to the heart.

Front 54

systole

Back 54

contraction phase of the heartbeat

Front 55

tricuspid valve

Back 55

atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart

Front 56

valve

Back 56

any of various structures that slow or prevent fluid from flowing backward or forward.

Front 57

vein

Back 57

any of various blood vessels carrying deoxygenated blood toward the heart, except the pulmonary vein

Front 58

vena cava

Back 58

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

Front 59

ventricle

Back 59

either of the two lower chamber os the heart

Front 60

venule

Back 60

a tiny vein connecting to the capillary

Front 61

angio

Back 61

blood vessel

Front 62

aorto

Back 62

aorta

Front 63

arterio, artero

Back 63

artery

Front 64

athero

Back 64

fatty matter

Front 65

atrio

Back 65

atrium

Front 66

cardio

Back 66

heart

Front 67

hemangio

Back 67

blood vassel

Front 68

pericardio

Back 68

pericardium

Front 69

phlebo

Back 69

vein

Front 70

sphygmo

Back 70

pulse

Front 71

occlusion

Back 71

closing of blood vessel

Front 72

vaso

Back 72

blood vessel

Front 73

veno

Back 73

vein

Front 74

AcG

Back 74

accelerator globulin

Front 75

AF

Back 75

atrial fibrillation

Front 76

AMI

Back 76

acute myocardial infarction

Front 77

AS

Back 77

aortic stenosis

Front 78

ASCVD

Back 78

arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Front 79

ASD

Back 79

atrial spetal defect

Front 80

ASHD

Back 80

ateriosclerotic heart disease

Front 81

AV

Back 81

atrioventricular

Front 82

BP

Back 82

blood pressure,

Front 83

CABG coronary artery bypass graft

Back 83

CAD coronary artery disease

Front 84

cath

Back 84

catheter

Front 85

CCU

Back 85

coronary care unit

Front 86

CHD

Back 86

coronary heart disease

Front 87

CHF

Back 87

congestive heart failure

Front 88

CO

Back 88

cardiac output

Front 89

CPK

Back 89

creatine phosphokinase

Front 90

CPR

Back 90

cariopulmonary resuscitation

Front 91

CVA

Back 91

cerebrovascular accident

Front 92

CVD

Back 92

cardiovascular disease

Front 93

DIC

Back 93

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Front 94

DSA

Back 94

digital subtraction angiography

Front 95

DVT

Back 95

deep venous thrombosis

Front 96

ECG, EKG

Back 96

electrocardiogram

Front 97

ECHO

Back 97

echochardiogram

Front 98

ETT

Back 98

exercice tolerance test

Front 99

GOT

Back 99

glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

Front 100

HDL

Back 100

high-density lipoprotein

Front 101

HR

Back 101

heart rate

Front 102

LDH

Back 102

Lactate dehydrogenase

Front 103

LDL

Back 103

low-density lipoprotein

Front 104

HR

Back 104

Heart rate

Front 105

LDH

Back 105

lactate dehydrogenase

Front 106

LDL

Back 106

low-density lipoprotein

Front 107

LV

Back 107

left ventricle

Front 108

MI

Back 108

Mitral insufficiency; myocardialinfarction

Front 109

MR

Back 109

mitral regurgitation

Front 110

MS

Back 110

mitral stenosis

Front 111

MUGA

Back 111

multiple-gated acquisition scan

Front 112

MVP

Back 112

mirtal valve prolapse

Front 113

PC

Back 113

premature atrial contraction

Front 114

PTCA

Back 114

perceutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Front 115

PVC

Back 115

prematur ventricular contraction

Front 116

SA

Back 116

sinoatrial

Front 117

SV

Back 117

stroke bolume

Front 118

TC

Back 118

total cholesterol

Front 119

tPA, TPA

Back 119

tissue plasminogen activator

Front 120

VLDL

Back 120

very low-density lipoprotein

Front 121

VSD

Back 121

ventricular septal defect

Front 122

VT

Back 122

ventricular tachycardia

Front 123

angiocardiography

Back 123

viewing the heart and its major blood vessels by x-ray after injection of contrast medium

Front 124

angiography

Back 124

viewing of the heart's major blood vessels by x-ray with contrast

Front 125

aortography

Back 125

view the aorta by x-ray with contrast

Front 126

arteriography

Back 126

viewing specific artery by x-ray with contrast

Front 127

auscultation

Back 127

process of listening to body sounds via stethoscope

Front 128

cardiac catheterization

Back 128

process of passing a thin catheter through an artery or vein to the heart to take blood samples, inject contrast, or measure various pressures

Front 129

cardiac enzyme test/studies

Back 129

blood tests for determining levels of enzymes during a myocardial infarction; serum enzyme test

Front 130

cardiac MRI

Back 130

viewing of the heart by magnetic resonance imaging

Front 131

cardiac scan

Back 131

process of viewing the heart muscle at work by scanning the heart of a patient into whom radioactive substance has been injected

Front 132

cholesterol

Back 132

fatty substance present in animal fats; cholesterol circulates in the blood steam, sometimes causing arterial plaque to form

Front 133

digital subtraction angiography

Back 133

use of two angiograms done with different dyes to provide a comparison between the results

Front 134

doppler ultrasound

Back 134

ultrasound test of blood flow in certain blood vessels

Front 135

echocardiography

Back 135

use of sound waves to produce images

Front 136

ejection fraction

Back 136

percentage of the volume of the contents of the left ventricle ejected with each contraction

Front 137

electrocardiography

Back 137

use of the electrocardiograph in diagnosis

Front 138

holter monitor

Back 138

portable device that provides a 24-hour electrocardiogram

Front 139

lipid profile

Back 139

lab test that provides the level of lipids, triglycerides, and other substances in the blood

Front 140

multiple-gated acquisition angiography

Back 140

radioactive scan showing heart function

Front 141

phlebography

Back 141

viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast

Front 142

positron emission tomography scan (PET)

Back 142

type of nuclear image that measure movement of areas of the heart

Front 143

serum enzyme test

Back 143

lab test performed to detect enzymes present during or after a myocardial infarction; cardiac enzyme studies

Front 144

sonography

Back 144

production of image based on the echoes of sound waves against structures

Front 145

sphygmomanometer

Back 145

device for measuring blood pressure

Front 146

stress test

Back 146

test that measures heart rate, blood pressure, and other body functions while the patient is exercising on a treadmill

Front 147

triglyceride

Back 147

fatty substance; lipid

Front 148

venography

Back 148

viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast

Front 149

ventriculogram

Back 149

x-ray of a ventricle taken after injection of a contrast

Front 150

aneurysm

Back 150

ballooning of the artery wall caused by weakness in the wall

Front 151

angina

Back 151

angina pectoris

Front 152

angina pectoris

Back 152

chest pain, usually caused by a lowered oxygen or blood supply to the heart

Front 153

aortic regurgitation

Back 153

backward flow or leakage of blood through a faulty aortic valve

Front 154

aortic stenosis

Back 154

narrowing of the aorta

Front 155

arryhythmia

Back 155

irregularity in the rhythm of the heartbeat

Front 156

arteriosclerosis

Back 156

hardening o fthe arteries

Front 157

arteritis

Back 157

inflammation of an artery or arteries

Front 158

asystole

Back 158

cardiac arrest

Front 159

atheroma

Back 159

a fatty deposit in the wall of an artery

Front 160

atherosclerosis

Back 160

hardening of the arteries caused by the buildup of atheromas

Front 161

atrial fibrillation

Back 161

an irregular, usually rapid, heartbeat caused by overstimulation of the AV node

Front 162

atrioventricular block

Back 162

heart block; partial or complete blockage of the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles

Front 163

bacterial endocarditis

Back 163

bacterial inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

Front 164

bradycardia

Back 164

heart rate of few than 60 beats per minute

Front 165

bruit

Back 165

sound or murmur, especially an abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation, especially of the carotid artery

Front 166

cardiac arrest

Back 166

sudden stopping of the heart; also called asystole

Front 167

cardiac tamponade

Back 167

compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.

Front 168

cardiomyopathy

Back 168

disease of the heart muscle

Front 169

claudication

Back 169

limping caused by inadequate blood supply during activity; usually subsides during rest

Front 170

coarctation of the aorta

Back 170

abnormal narrowing of teh aorta

Front 171

congenital heart disease

Back 171

heart disease (usually a type of malformation) that exists at birth

Front 172

congestive heart failure

Back 172

inability of the heart to pump enough blood out during the cardiac cycle; collection of fluid in the lungs results

Front 173

constriction

Back 173

compression or narrowing caused by contraction, as of a vessel

Front 174

coronary artery disease

Back 174

condition that reduces that flow of blood and nutrients through the arteries of the heart

Front 175

cyanosis

Back 175

bluish or purplish coloration, as of the skin, caused by inadequate oxygenation of the blood

Front 176

deep vein thrombosis

Back 176

formation of a thrombous (clot) in a deep vein, such as femoral vein

Front 177

dysrhythmia

Back 177

abnormal heart rhythm.

Front 178

embolus

Back 178

mass of foreign material blocking a vessel

Front 179

endocarditis

Back 179

inflammation of the endocardium, especially an inflammation caused by a bacterial or fungal agent

Front 180

essential hypertension

Back 180

high blood pressure without any known cause

Front 181

fibrillation

Back 181

random, chaotic, irregular heart rhythm

Front 182

flutter

Back 182

regular but very rapid heart beat

Front 183

gallop

Back 183

triple sound of a heartbeat, usually indicative of serious heart disease.

Front 184

heart block

Back 184

atrioventricular block

Front 185

hemorrhoids

Back 185

varicose condition of veins int he anal region

Front 186

high blood pressure

Back 186

hypertension

Front 187

hypertension

Back 187

chronic BP greater than 140/90

Front 188

hypertensive heart disease

Back 188

heart disease caused, or worsened by high BP

Front 189

hypotension

Back 189

chronic BP below normal

Front 190

infarct

Back 190

area of necrosis caused by a sudden drop in the supply of arterial or venous blood

Front 191

infarction

Back 191

sudden drop in supply of arterial or venous blood, often due to an embolus or thrombus

Front 192

intermittent claudication

Back 192

attacks of limping, particularly in the legs, due to ischemia of the muscle

Front 193

intracardiac tumor

Back 193

a tumor within one of the heart chambers

Front 194

ischemia

Back 194

localized blood insufficiency caused by an obstruction

Front 195

low BP

Back 195

hypotension

Front 196

mitral insufficiency or reflux

Back 196

backward flow of blood due to a damaged mitral valve

Front 197

mitral stenosis

Back 197

abnormal narrowing at the opening of the mitral valve

Front 198

mitral valve prolapse

Back 198

backward flow of blood into the left atrium due to protrusion of one or both mitral cusps into the left atrium during contractions

Front 199

murmur

Back 199

soft heart humming sound heard between normal beats

Front 200

myocardial infarction

Back 200

sudden drop in the supply of blood to an area of the heart muscle, usually due to a blockage in a coronary artery

Front 201

myocarditis

Back 201

inflammation of the myocardium

Front 202

necrosis

Back 202

death of tissue or an organ or part due to irreversible damage; usually a result of oxygen deprivation

Front 203

occlusion

Back 203

closing of blood vessel

Front 204

palpitations

Back 204

uncomfortable pulsations of the heart felt as a thumping in the chest

Front 205

patent ductus arteriosus

Back 205

a condition at birth where ductus arteriosus, a small duct between the aorta and the pulmonary arter, remains abnormally open

Front 206

perfusion deficit

Back 206

lack of flow through a blood vessel, usually caused by an occlusion

Front 207

pericarditis

Back 207

inflammation of the pericardium

Front 208

peripheral vascular disease

Back 208

vascular disease in the lower extremities, usually due to blockages in the arteries of the groin or legs

Front 209

petechiae

Back 209

minute hemorrhages in the skin

Front 210

phlebitis

Back 210

inflammation of a vein

Front 211

plaque

Back 211

build up of solid material, such as a fatty deposit, on the lining of an artery

Front 212

premature atrial contractions (PAC's)

Back 212

atrial contractions that occur before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations

Front 213

premature ventricular contractions (PVC's)

Back 213

ventricular contractions that occur before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations

Front 214

pulmonary artery stenosis

Back 214

narrowing of the pulmonary artery, preventing the lungs from receiving enough blood from the heart to oxygenate

Front 215

pulmonary edema

Back 215

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs

Front 216

Raynaud's phenomenon

Back 216

spasm in the arteries of the fingers causing numbness or pain

Front 217

rheumatic heart disease

Back 217

heart valve and/or muscle damage cause by an untreated streptococcal infection

Front 218

risk factor

Back 218

any of various factors considered to increase the probability that a disease will occur; (EX. high blood pressure and smoking are considered risk factors for heart disease)

Front 219

rub

Back 219

frictional sound heard between heartbeats, usually indicating a pericardial murmur

Front 220

secondary hypertension

Back 220

hypertension having a known cause, such as kidney disease

Front 221

septal defect

Back 221

congenital abnormality consisting of an opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles

Front 222

stenosis

Back 222

narrowing, particularly of blood vessels or cardiac veins

Front 223

tachycardia

Back 223

heart rate greater than 100 heart beats per minute

Front 224

tetralogy of Fallot

Back 224

set of four congenital heart abnormalities appearing together that cause deoxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation; ventricle septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, incorrect position of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy

Front 225

thrombophlebitis

Back 225

inflammation of a vein with a thrombus

Front 226

thrombosis

Back 226

presence of a thrombus in a blood vessel

Front 227

thrombotic occlusion

Back 227

narrowing caused by thrombus

Front 228

thrombus

Back 228

stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually formed from matter found in the blood.

Front 229

tricuspid stenosis

Back 229

abnormal narrowing of the tricuspid valve

Front 230

valvulitis

Back 230

inflammation of heart valve

Front 231

varicose

Back 231

dilated, enlarged, or twisted veins, usually on the leg

Front 232

vegetation

Back 232

clot on the heart valve or opening, usually caused by infection

Front 233

anastomosis

Back 233

connection of two blood vessels to allow blood flow vetween them

Front 234

angioplasty

Back 234

opening of blocked blood vessel, as by ballon dialtion

Front 235

angioscopy

Back 235

viewing of the interior of a blood vessel using a fiberoptic catheter inserted or threaded into the vessel

Front 236

arteriotomy

Back 236

surgical incision into an artery, especially to remove a clot

Front 237

atherectomy

Back 237

surgical removal of an atheroma

Front 238

ballon catheter dilation

Back 238

insertion of a balloon catheter into blood vessel to open the passage for blood to flow freely

Front 239

balloon valvuloplasty

Back 239

procedure that uses a ballon cath to open narrowed orifices in cardiac valves

Front 240

bypass

Back 240

a structure that creates a new passase for blood to flow from one artery to another; usually vein graft; used to created a detour around blockages

Front 241

cardiopulmonary bypas

Back 241

used during surgery to divert blood flow to and from the heart througha hear-lung maching an back into circulation

Front 242

coronary angioplasty

Back 242

angioplasty

Front 243

coronary bypass surgery

Back 243

bypass

Front 244

embolectomy

Back 244

surgical removal of an embolus

Front 245

endarterectomy

Back 245

surgical removal of the diseased portion of the linin of an artery

Front 246

endovascular surgery

Back 246

any of various procedures performed during cardiac catheterization, such as angioscopy and atherectomy

Front 247

fontan's operation

Back 247

surgical prodedure taht creates a blypass from the right atrium to main pulmonary artery; fontan's procedure

Front 248

graft

Back 248

any tissue or organ implanted to replace or mend damaged areas

Front 249

heart transplant

Back 249

implantation of the heart of a person who has just died into a person whose diseased heart can not sustain life

Front 250

hemorrhoidectomy

Back 250

surgical removal of hemorrhoids

Front 251

intravascular stent

Back 251

stent placed within a blood vessel to allow blood to flow freely

Front 252

percutaneous transluminal

Back 252

balloon cath dilation

Front 253

phlebotomy

Back 253

drawing blood from a vein via a small incision

Front 254

stent

Back 254

surgically implanted device used to hold something (as a blood vessel open

Front 255

thrombectomy

Back 255

removal of a thrombus

Front 256

valve replacement

Back 256

replacement of a coronary valve

Front 257

valvuloplasty

Back 257

sugical reconstruction of cardiac valve

Front 258

venipuncture

Back 258

small puncture into a vein, usually to draw blood or inject a solution

Front 259

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

Back 259

medication used or heart failure and others; acts by dialation arteries to lower blood pressure and makes heart pump easier

Front 260

antianginal

Back 260

agent used to relieve or prevent attacks of angia

Front 261

antiarryhythmic

Back 261

agent used to help normalize cardiac rhythm

Front 262

anticlotting

Back 262

anticoagulant

Front 263

anticoagulant

Back 263

prevents the formation of dangerous clots

Front 264

antihypertensive

Back 264

helps control high blood pressure

Front 265

beta blocker

Back 265

agent that lowers blood pressure the reducing contraction strenght of the heart muscle; slows heartbeat

Front 266

calcium channel blocker

Back 266

medication that lessens the ability of calcium to enter heart and blood vessel muscle cells; used to lower BP and normalized some arrhythmias

Front 267

cardiotonic

Back 267

med for CHF, increases for of contractions in myocardium

Front 268

diuretic

Back 268

med that promotes excretion of urine

Front 269

heparin

Back 269

anticoagulant present in the body; also, synthetic version given to prevent choking

Front 270

lipid-lowing

Back 270

helpful in lowing cholesterol levels

Front 271

nitrate

Back 271

any of several med that dilate the veins, arteries, or coronary arteris; used to control angina

Front 272

statins

Back 272

a class of lipid-lowing agent that are most frequently used

Front 273

thrombolytic

Back 273

agent that dissolves a thrombus

Front 274

tissue-type plasminogen activation

Back 274

prevents thrombus from forming

Front 275

vasoconstrictor

Back 275

agent that narrows a blood vessels

Front 276

vasodilator

Back 276

dilates or widens the blood vessels