Chapter 6

Front 1

who discovered classical conditioning

Back 1

ivan pavlov

Front 2

who was the founder of behaviorism

Back 2

jon b wastons

Front 3

who found radical behaviorism

Back 3

B.F skinner

Front 4

learning

Back 4

change in an organism's behavior or thought as a result of experience

Front 5

habituation

Back 5

process of responding less strongly over time to repeated stimuli

Front 6

apysia californicus

Back 6

sea slug

Front 7

british associationists

Back 7

we acquire virtually all of our knowledge by conditioning

Front 8

what did ivan Pavlov research

Back 8

digestion in dogs

Front 9

classical conditioning

Back 9

form of learning in which animals come to respond to previously neutral stimulus that had been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic response

Front 10

pavlovian conditioning

Back 10

form of learning in which animals come to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that had been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic response

Front 11

unconditioned stimulus (ucs)

Back 11

a stimulus that elicits an automatic- this is, a reflexive- response

Front 12

unconditioned response (UCR)

Back 12

automatic respond to a no neutral stimulus that does not need to be learned

Front 13

conditioned response (CR)

Back 13

a response previously associated with a nonneutral stimulus that comes to be elicited by a neutral stimulus

Front 14

conditioned stimulus

Back 14

initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response due to association with an unconditioned stimulus

Front 15

acquistion

Back 15

learning phase during which a conditioned response is established

Front 16

extinction

Back 16

gradual reduction and eventual elimination of the conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus

Front 17

spontaneous recovery

Back 17

sudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response after a delay in exposure to the conditioned stimulus

Front 18

renewal effect

Back 18

sudden reemergence of a conditioned response following extinction when an animal is returned to the environment in which the conditioned response was aquired

Front 19

stimulus generalization

Back 19

process by which conditioned stimuli similar, but not identical, to the original conditioned stimulus elicit a conditioned response

Front 20

generalization gradient

Back 20

the more similar to the original CS the new CS is, the stronger the CR will be

Front 21

stimulus discrimination

Back 21

it occurs when we exhibit a less pronounced CR to CSs that differ from the original CS

Front 22

higher-order conditioning

Back 22

developing a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus by virtue of its association with another conditioned stimulu

Front 23

latent inhibition

Back 23

difficulty in establishing classical conditioning to a conditioned stimulus we've repeatedly experienced alone, that is, without the unconditioned stimulus.

Front 24

fetishism

Back 24

sexual attraction to nonliving things- can also arise from classical conditioning

Front 25

operant conditioning

Back 25

learning controlled by the consequences of the organism's behavior

Front 26

instrumental conditioning

Back 26

also known as operant conditioning

Front 27

law of effect

Back 27

principle asserting that if a stimulus followed by a behavior results in a reward, the stimulus is more likely to give rise to the behavior in the future

Front 28

skinner box

Back 28

small animal chamber constructed by skinner to allow sustained period of conditioning to be administered and behaviors to be recorded unsupervised

Front 29

skinner box

Back 29

small animal chamber constructed by skinner to allow sustained period of conditioning to be administered and behaviors to be recorded unsupervised

Front 30

what are the three concepts through skinnerian psychology

Back 30

reinforcement, punishment, and discriminative

Front 31

reinforcement

Back 31

any outcome that strengthens the probability of a response

Front 32

positive reinforcement

Back 32

strengthens the probability of the behavior

Front 33

negative reinforcement

Back 33

removal of the stimulus that strengthens the probability of the behavior

Front 34

punishment

Back 34

any outcome that weakens the probability of a response

Front 35

what does spanking lead too

Back 35

higher levels of childhood aggression and anxiety

Front 36

discriminative stimulus

Back 36

stimulus that signals the presence of reinforcement

Front 37

spontaneous recovery

Back 37

sudden reemergence of an extinguished response after a delay

Front 38

stimulus generalization

Back 38

displaying a response to stimuli similar to but not identical to the original stimuluss

Front 39

schedule of reinforcement

Back 39

pattern of reinforcing a behavior

Front 40

continuous reinforcement

Back 40

reinforcing a behavior overtime it occurs, resulting in faster learning but faster extinction that only occasional reinforcement

Front 41

partial reinforcement

Back 41

only occasional reinforcement of a behavior, resulting in slower extinction than if the behavior had been reinforced continually

Front 42

fixed ratio (FR) schedule

Back 42

pattern i which we provide reinforcement following a regular number of responses

Front 43

variable ratio (VR) schedule

Back 43

pattern in which we provide reinforcement after a specific number of responses on average, with the number varying randomly

Front 44

fixed interval (FI) schedule

Back 44

pattern in which we provide reinforcement for producing the response at least once following a specified time interval

Front 45

variable interval (VI) schedule

Back 45

pattern in which we provide reinforcement for producing the response at least once during an average time interval, with the interval varying randomly

Front 46

s

Back 46

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