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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Theory
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states that all living things are made of one or more cells, the cells are the smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells.
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Macromolecule
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substances that form by joining many small molecules together
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Nucleic Acid
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macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together; contain genetic information
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Protein
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long chains of amino acid molecules
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Lipid
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large macromolecules that do not dissolve in water
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Carbohydrate
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one sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or a long chain of sugar molecules
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Cell Membrane
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a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside of the cell
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Cell Wall
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a stiff structure outside of the cell membrane
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Cytoplasm
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a fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules
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Cytoskeleton
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a network of threadlike proteins that are joined together
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Organelle
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structures inside cells that have specialized functions, most organelles are covered by a membrane
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Nucleus
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the part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains genetic information stored in DNA
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Chloroplast
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membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food- a sugar called glucose- from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis
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Cellular Respiration
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a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP
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Glycolysis
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a process by which glucose, a sugar, is broken down into smaller molecules
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Fermentation
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a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low
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Photosynthesis
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a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen (O2)
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