Chapter 6

Front 1

Bacteria

Back 1

Simple microscopic organisms that are widespread throughout the world, some can produce disease

Singular: bacterium

Front 2

Cocci

Back 2

Round bacteria, may be in clusters,(staphylococci) chains, (streptococci) & other formations

Singular: coccus

Front 3

Bacilli

Back 3

Rod-shaped bacteria

Singular bacillus

Front 4

Vibrios

Back 4

Short curved rods

Front 5

Spirocheres

Back 5

Corkscrew-shaped bacteria that move with a twisting motion

Front 6

Chlamydia

Back 6

Extremely small bacteria with complex life cycles the grow in living cells, but unlike viruses, are susceptible to antibiotics

Front 7

Rickettsia

Back 7

Extremely small bacteria that grow in living cells but are susceptible to antibiotics

Front 8

Viruses

Back 8

Submicroscopic infectious agents that can live and reproduce only within living cells

Front 9

Fungi

Back 9

Simple, nongreen plants, some of which are parasitic; includes yeasts and molds

Singular fungus

Front 10

Protozoa

Back 10

Single-celled animals

Singular protozoon

Front 11

Helminths

Back 11

Worms

Front 12

Acute

Back 12

Sudden, severe, having a short course

Front 13

Benign

Back 13

Not recurrent or malignant, favorable for recovery, describing a tumor that does not spread (metastasize) to other tissues

Front 14

Carcinoma

Back 14

A malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial cells

Adjective carcinomatous

Front 15

Chronic

Back 15

Of long duration, progressing slowly

Front 16

Cyst

Back 16

An abnormal fill sac or pouch

Front 17

Edema

Back 17

Accumulation of fluid in the tissues, swelling

Adjective edematous

Front 18

Etiology

Back 18

The cause of a disease

Front 19

Gram stain

Back 19

A lab staining procedure that divides bacteria into two groups, gram-positive, stain purple and gram- negative, stain red

Front 20

Hernia

Back 20

Protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening, a rupture

Front 21

Inflammation

Back 21

A localized response to tissue injury characterized by heat, pain, redness, and swelling

Front 22

Lesion

Back 22

A distinct area of damaged tissue, a injury or wound

Front 23

Malignant

Back 23

Growing worse, harmful, tending to cause death, describing an invasive tumor that can spread (metastasize) to other tissues

Front 24

Metastasis

Back 24

Spread from one part of the body to another, characteristic of cancer

Verb metastasize

Adjective metastatic

Front 25

Microorganism

Back 25

An organism too small to be seen without a microscope

Front 26

Necrosis

Back 26

Death of tissue

Adjective necrotic

Front 27

Neoplasm

Back 27

An abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue, a tumor that may be benign or malignant

Front 28

Parasite

Back 28

An organism that grows on or in another organism ( the host) causing damage to it

Front 29

Pathogen

Back 29

An organism capable of causing disease

Root path/o means disease

Front 30

Phagocytosis

Back 30

The ingestion of organisms, such as invading bacteria or small particles of waste material by a cell. The phagocytic cell or phagocyte then destroys the ingested material

Front 31

Prolapse

Back 31

A dropping or downward displacement of an organ or part, ptosis

Front 32

Pus

Back 32

A product of inflammation consisting of fluid and white blood cells

Front 33

Sarcoma

Back 33

A malignant neoplasm arising from connective tissue

Adjective sarcomatous

Front 34

Sepsis

Back 34

The presence of harmful microorganism or their toxins in the blood or other tissues

Adjective septic

Front 35

Toxin

Back 35

A poison

Adjective toxic

Front 36

Trauma

Back 36

A physical or psychological wound or injury

Front 37

Alg/o, Algi/o, algesi/o

Back 37

Pain

Front 38

Carcin/o

Back 38

Cancer, carcinoma

Front 39

Cyst/o

Back 39

Fluid filled sac or pouch, cyst, bladder

Front 40

Lith

Back 40

Calculus, stone

Front 41

Onc/o

Back 41

Tumor

Front 42

Py/o

Back 42

Pus

Front 43

Pyr/o, pyret/o

Back 43

Fever, fire

Front 44

Scler/o

Back 44

Hard

Front 45

Tox/o, toxic/o

Back 45

Poison

Front 46

Brady

Back 46

Slow

Front 47

dys-

Back 47

Abnormal, painful, difficult

Front 48

mal-

Back 48

Bad, poor

Front 49

pachy-

Back 49

Thick

Front 50

tachy-

Back 50

Rapid

Front 51

Xero-

Back 51

Dry

Front 52

-algia, -algesia

Back 52

Pain

Front 53

-cele

Back 53

Hernia, localized dilation

Front 54

-clasis, -clasia

Back 54

Breaking

Front 55

-itis

Back 55

Inflammation

Front 56

-megaly

Back 56

Enlargement

Front 57

-odynia

Back 57

Pain

Front 58

-oma

Back 58

Tumor

Front 59

-rhage, -rhagia

Back 59

Bursting forth, profuse flow, hemorrhage

Front 60

-pathy

Back 60

Any disease of

Front 61

-rhea

Back 61

Flow, discharge

Front 62

-rhexis

Back 62

Rupture

Front 63

-schisis

Back 63

Fissure, splitting

Front 64

Dilation, dilatation

Back 64

Expansion, widening

Front 65

Ectasia, ectasis

Back 65

Dilation, dilatation, distension

Front 66

Edema

Back 66

Accumulation of fluid, swelling

Front 67

Lysis

Back 67

Separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction

Front 68

Malacia

Back 68

Softening

Front 69

Necrosis

Back 69

Death of tissue

Front 70

Ptosis

Back 70

Dropping, downward displacement, prolapse

Front 71

Sclerosis

Back 71

Hardening

Front 72

Spasm

Back 72

Sudden contraction, cramp

Front 73

Stasis

Back 73

Suppression, stoppage

Front 74

Stenosis

Back 74

Narrowing, constriction

Front 75

Toxin

Back 75

Poison

Front 76

Staphyl/o

Back 76

Grape-like cluster

Front 77

Strept/o

Back 77

Twisted chain

Front 78

Bacill/i, bacill/o

Back 78

Bacillus

Front 79

Bacteri/o

Back 79

Bacterium

Front 80

Myc/o

Back 80

Fungus,mold

Front 81

Vir/o

Back 81

Virus

Front 82

Acid-fast stain

Back 82

A lab staining procedure used mainly to identify the TB organism

Front 83

Communicable

Back 83

Capable of passing from one person to another, such as infectious disease

Front 84

Endemic

Back 84

Occurring at a low level but continuously in a given region, such as the common cold

Front 85

Epidemix

Back 85

Affecting many people in a given region at the same time, a disease that breaks out in a large proportion of a population at a given time

Front 86

Exacerbation

Back 86

Worsening of a disease, increase in severity of a disease or its symptoms

Front 87

iatrogenic

Back 87

Caused by the effects of treatment

Front 88

idiopathic

Back 88

Having no cause

Front 89

In situ

Back 89

Localized, noninvasive; said of tumors that do not spread, such as carcinoma in situ (CIS)

Front 90

Normal flora

Back 90

The microorganism a that normally live on or in the body. Generally harmless, often beneficial, but can cause disease in special circumstances, such as injury or failure of the immune system

Front 91

Nosocomial

Back 91

Describing an infection acquired in a hospital

Front 92

Opportunistic

Back 92

Describing a infection that occurs because of the host's poor or altered condition

Front 93

Pandemic

Back 93

Describing a disease that is prevalent throughout an entire region or the world.

Front 94

Remission

Back 94

A lessening of disease symptoms

Front 95

Septicemia

Back 95

Presence of pathogenic bacteria in the blood, blood poisoning

Front 96

Systemic

Back 96

Pertaining to the whole body

Front 97

Abscess

Back 97

A localized collection of pus

Front 98

Adhesion

Back 98

A uniting of two surfaces or parts that are normally separated

Front 99

Anaplasia

Back 99

Lack of normal differentiation, as shown by cancer cells

Front 100

Ascites

Back 100

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Front 101

Cellulitis

Back 101

A spreading inflammation of tissue

Front 102

Effusion

Back 102

Escape of fluid into a cavity or other body part

Front 103

Wxudate

Back 103

Material that escapes from blood vessels as a result of tissue injury

Front 104

Fissure

Back 104

A groove or split

Front 105

Fisula

Back 105

An abnormal passage between two organs or from and organ to the surface of the body

Front 106

Gangrene

Back 106

Death of tissue, usually cause by lack of blood supply, may be associated with bacterial infection and decomposition

Front 107

Hyperplasia

Back 107

Excessive growth of normal cells in normal arrangements

Front 108

Hypertrophy

Back 108

An increase in size of an organ without increase in the number of cells, may result from an increase in activity, as in muscles

Front 109

Induration

Back 109

Hardening, an abnormal hard spot or place

Front 110

Metaplasia

Back 110

Conversion of cells to a form that is not normal for that tissue

Meta- change

Front 111

Polyp

Back 111

A tumor attached by a thin stalk

Front 112

Purulent

Back 112

Forming or containing pus

Front 113

Suppuration

Back 113

Pus formation

Front 114

AF

Back 114

Acid fast

Front 115

CA, Ca

Back 115

Cancer

Front 116

CIs

Back 116

Carcinoma in situ

Front 117

FUO

Back 117

Fever of unknown origin

Front 118

Gm+

Back 118

Gram- positive

Front 119

Gm-

Back 119

Gram- negative

Front 120

MRSA

Back 120

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Front 121

Staph

Back 121

Staphylococcus

Front 122

Strep

Back 122

Streptococcus

Front 123

VRSA

Back 123

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus