Chapter 6: Autotrophs

Front 1

Definition of autotrophs

Back 1

Organisms that can make their own organic molecules (glucose) from inorganic molecules

Front 2

How do flowering plants reproduce

Back 2

Release male gamete by wind or insect

Front 3

Definition of heterotroph

Back 3

Organisms that must obtain organic Compounds by eating other organisms or their product

Front 4

How do heterotroph make organic molecules

Back 4

They convert ingested organic molecules into organic molecules required

Front 5

Definition of nutrients

Back 5

Raw material that is required by organisms

Front 6

Definition of nutrition

Back 6

The means by which the nutrients are obtained

Front 7

All organisms require

Back 7

Organic molecules

(Carbohydrate, lipids, protein and nucleic acid)

Front 8

Definition of photoautotrophs

Back 8

Organisms that carry out photosynthesis by using light energy to produce organic molecules

( Plants and cynobacteria)

Front 9

Chemoautotroph definition

Back 9

Organisms that obtain energy needed by carrying out energy releasing reactions between inorganic molecules

(Bacteria)

Front 10

Definition of carbon fixation

Back 10

Process through which carbon atoms from the air are fixed into organic molecules

Front 11

When does cellular resp. Happen in plants

Back 11

It is continuous whereas photosynthesis is only during day

Front 12

Definition of light compensation point

Back 12

Level of light at which rates of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are equal and no net exchange of oxygen

Front 13

What does chlorophyll do

Back 13

Traps light energy and uses it to make ATP and split water into H ions and O gas

Front 14

C3 photosynthesis

Back 14

50% of carbon captured is released before converting to sugar because enzyme reacts with O instead of CO2

Front 15

C4 photosynthesis

Back 15

Enzymes don't reacts with oxygen therefore capturing more CO2 in less time

Front 16

CAM photosynthesis

Back 16

Closes stomata during the day and open at night

Front 17

What happens at night with CAM photosynthesis

Back 17

Co2 converted to 4C organic acid that accumulate in vacuole which is released in day and uses C3

Front 18

Characteristics of leaf in low light

Back 18

Large leaves and thin cuticles

Front 19

Characteristics of leaf in arid area

Back 19

Small leaves and thick cuticles that turn to reduce Area exposed to sun

Front 20

Nitrogen fixation definition

Back 20

Conversion of atmospheric oxygen into nitrogenous compounds

Front 21

Where are nitrogen fixing bacteria?

Back 21

In error nodules of plants (anaerobic)

Front 22

Definition of symbiosis

Back 22

Relationship between 2 organisms that live and condition together in close association to benefit atleast 1 organism

Front 23

What do mineral salts do

Back 23

water soluble and absorbed as ions into plant roots

Front 24

What is macro nutrients

Back 24

Mineral requirements in large amounts (nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur)

Front 25

Micro nutrients

Back 25

Needed on small amounts (iron, copper, zinc, boron, manganese, chlorine)

Front 26

What happens to excess glucose produced during day

Back 26

Stored in modified leaves, stem and roots

Front 27

What do Modified leaves store

Back 27

Starch (e.g. bulbs )

Front 28

What do Modified roots store

Back 28

Starch ( potato tubers)

Front 29

What do Modified sterns store

Back 29

Sugar ( sugarcane)

Front 30

What do seeds and fruits store

Back 30

Starch sugar oils and protein

Front 31

Definition of starch

Back 31

Complex carbohydrate made from glucose subunits

It is main energy storage component

Front 32

In many plants what do they rely on for adequate mineral uptake

Back 32

Symbiotic relationship between roots and fungi

Front 33

Why is Mycorrhizae important

Back 33

For plant is nutrient poor soil as it gives extra nutrients and minerals

Front 34

What does acidity do

Back 34

Alters availability of nutrients because solubility differs at different pH levels

Front 35

2 types of Mycorrhizae

Back 35

ECTOmycorrizae (outside) and ENDOmycorrizae (inside )

Front 36

What is vascular tissue involved in

Back 36

Transport of substances around plant

Xylem ( water) , phloem ( sugar. Sucrose)

Front 37

What do roots do

Back 37

Absorb water/mineral .

Supportand anchor plant.

Storage tissue ( potatoes)

Front 38

How water moves

Back 38

Climbs Xylem as it sticks to wall of vessel and water molecule pulls each other up (adhesion )

Front 39

Definition of adhesion

Back 39

Attraction between water molecules and molecules on side of container

Front 40

Definition of translocation

Back 40

Movement of sugars through plant

Front 41

Vein function

Back 41

Contain Xylem and phloem for water/sugar transport

Front 42

Cuticle function

Back 42

Waxy covering to prevent waterloss

Front 43

Stomata

Back 43

Pores in epidermis for diffusion in/out of leaf

Front 44

Pallisade cell

Back 44

Under the epidermis to maximize light absorption for photosynthesis

Front 45

Spongy mesophyll function

Back 45

Have lots of space between cells to increase diffusion

Front 46

Epidermis function

Back 46

Protects plant from cut, waterloss and invasion by micro organisms

Front 47

Photosynthesis equation

Back 47

6 CO2 + 12 h2O (carbon dioxide+ water) = C6 h12 O6 + 6h2O + 6O2 (glucose + water + oxygen)

Front 48

Common requirements of living organisms

Back 48

Energy

Oxygen

Water and nutrients

Removal of waste

Reproduction

Front 49

Equation for cellular respiration

Back 49

C6 h12 O6 +6O2 --- 6CO2 + 6h2O + 36-38 ATP

Glucose+oxygen --- carbon dioxide+water +energy