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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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blast/o
-blast |
germ or bud
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chrom/o
chromat/o |
color
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chyl/o
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juice
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hem/o
hemat/o |
blood
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immun/o
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safe
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lymph/o
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clear fluid
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phag/o
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eat or swallow
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plas/o
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formation
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reticul/o
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a net
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splen/o
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spleen
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thromb/o
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clot
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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plasma
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liquid portion of the blood and lymph containing water, proteins, and cellular components
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serum
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liquid portion of the blood left after clotting
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erythrocyte
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red blood cell
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hemoglobin
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protein-iron compound contained in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
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leukocyte
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white blood cell
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granulocytes
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a group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm
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neutrophil
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a granular leukocyte that fights infection by swallowing bacteria
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polymorpho-nuclear leukocyte
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another term for neutrophil, named for the many segments present in its nucleus
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band
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an immature neutrophil
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eosinophil
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a granular leukocyte, named for the rose-colored stain of its granules, that increases in allergic and some infectious reactions
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basophil
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an granular leukocyte, named for the dark stain of its granules that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues
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agranulocytes
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a group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei
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lymphocyte
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an agranulocytic leukocyte active in the process of immunity
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monocyte
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an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection
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platelets
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thrombocytes, cell fragments in the bloodalfor blood clotting
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thymus
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primary gland of the lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum, which produces T lymphocytes
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spleen
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organ between the stomach and diaphragm that cleans blood and is the place where lymphocytes initiate immune response
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lymph
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fluid circulated through the lymph vessels
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lymph capillaries
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microscopic vessels that draw lymph from tissues to the lymph vessels
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lacteals
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specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream
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chyle
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white or pale yellow substance in lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals
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lymph nodes
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several small, oval structures that filter lymph from the lymph vessels
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lymph ducts
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collecting channels that carry lymph from teh lymph nodes to thhe veins
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right lymphatic duct
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receives lymph from the right upper part of the body
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thoracic duct
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receives lymph from the lft side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left ar, and lower extremities
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immunity
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process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen
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antigen
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a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes formation of antibodies against it
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antibody
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a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body
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active immunity
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an immunity that protects the body against a future infection (developed naturally or artificially after vaccine)
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passive immunity
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an immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta or artificially by injection of a serum
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anisocytosis
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presence of red blood cells of unequal size
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pancytopenia
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an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood
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erythropenia
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an abnormally number of red blood cells
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hemolysis
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breakdown of the red blood cell membrane
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immunocompromised
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impaired immunologic defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or therapy with immunosuppressive agents
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immunosuppression
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impaired ability to provide an immune respsonse
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lymphadenopath
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enlarged lymph nodes
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lymphocytopenia
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an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes
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macrocytosis
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presence of large red blood cells
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microcytosis
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presence of small red blood cells
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neutropenia
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decrease in the number of neutophils
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poikilocytosis
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presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells
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reticulocytosis
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increased number of immature erythrocytes in the blood
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splenomegaly
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enlargement of the spleen
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AIDS (acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome)
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a syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus that renders immune cells ineffective
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anemia
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a condition of reduced number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood (diminished ability to transport oxygen)
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iron deficiency anemia
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microcytic hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron
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pernicious anemia
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macrocytic normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells
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aplastic anemia
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a normocytic normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells
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erythroblastosis fetalis
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a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh positive blood and a mother with Rh-negative blood
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Rh factor
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thre presence of lack of antigens on the surface of red blood cells
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Rh positive
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presence of antigens
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Rh negative
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absence of antigens
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hemochromatosis
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hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body
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hemophilia
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group of hereditary bleeding disorders with a defect in clotting factors necessary for coagulation of blood
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leukemia
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chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood forming organs, abnormal leukocytes
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myelodysplasia
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disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation of abnormal stem cells; usually develops into a specific type of leukemia
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lymphoma
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any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue
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mononucleosis
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viral condition characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, and sore throat
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metastasis
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process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ
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polycythemia
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increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood
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septicemia
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systemic disease caused by the infection of microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood
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thrombocytopenia
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bleeding disorder characterized by an abnormally decreased number of platelets in the blood, impairing the clotting process
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phlebotomy
venipuncture |
incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing
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blood chemistry
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test of the fluid portion of blood to measure amounts of chemical constituents
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blood chemistry panels
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specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood
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basic metabolic panel
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battery of tests used as a general screen for disease
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comprehensive metabolic panel
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tests in addition to basic panel for expanded screening purpose
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blood culture
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test to diagnose an infection in the bloodstream, by culturing a specimen of blood to encourage the grow of microorganisms, which are then identified
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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a timed test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle through a volume of plasma
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partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
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test to determine coagulation defects, such as platelet disorders
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thromboplastin
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substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation
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prothrombin time (PT)
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test to measure activity of prothombin in the blood
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prothrombin
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protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process
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complete blood count (CBC)
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a common laboratory blood test performed as a screen of general health or for diagnosis
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white blood count (WBC)
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a count of the number of white blood cells per cubic millimeter
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red blood count (RBC)
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a count of the number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter
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hemoglobin (HGB)
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a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin
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hematocrit (HCT)
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a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood
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blood indices
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calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to classify anemia
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mean corpuscular volume
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calculation of the volume of individual cells in cubic microns (HCT/RBC)
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mean corpuscular hemoglobin
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calculation of the content in weight of hemoglobin in the average red blood cell (HGB/RBC)
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mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
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calculation of the average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell (HGB/HCT)
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differential count
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determination of the number of each type of white blood cell in a stained blood smear
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red cell morphology
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the condition, size, and shape of red blood cells in the background of the smeared slide
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platelet count (PLT)
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calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood
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bone marrow aspiration
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needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologic examination
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lymphangiogram
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an x-ray of a lymph node or vessel taken after injection of a contrast medium
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bone marrow transplant
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transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production
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lymphadenectomy
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removal of a lymph node
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lymphadenotomy
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incision into a lymph node
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lymph node dissection
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removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for pathologic examination
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splenectomy
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removal of the spleen
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thymectomy
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removal of the thymus gland
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autologous blood
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blood donated by and stored for a patient for future personal use
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homologous blood
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blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a compatible recipient
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blood component therapy
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transfusion of a specific blood component
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crossmatching
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a method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
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chemotherapy
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treatment of malignancies, infections,and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
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plasmapheresis
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removal of plasma from the body with separation and extraction of specific elements
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anticoagulant
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a drug that prevents clotting of the blood
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hemostatic
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a drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels
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vasoconstictor
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a drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, thereby decreasing blood flow
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vasodilator
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a drug that causes dilation of blood vessels, thereby increasing blood flow
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