Chapter 6 (3 Of 3)

Front 1

What are inhibitors?

Back 1

Molecules that prevent the substrate from binding to the enzyme.

Front 2

What is the allosteric site?

Back 2

This is the extra spot on the back of the enzyme that is like the fuel tank for the enzyme. It allows the substrate to be changed better.

Front 3

What do inhibitors do? (2 part)

Back 3

Decrease the rate of product formation in enzymes. They may mind to the active site or allostreic site

Front 4

Competitive Inhibitors

Back 4

Molecules that bind to an active site taking the place of a substrate. They may have a similar form to substrate.

Front 5

Noncompetitive inhibition

Back 5

Inhibitors that bind to allosteric site.
This inhibits the ability of substrate to bind. It can still happen, it is just slower.

Front 6

What is a prostetic group?

Back 6

Group of small molecules permanently attached to the enzyme

Front 7

What is a cofactor?

Back 7

Usually inorganic ion that temporarily binds to an enzyme.

Front 8

What is a Coenzyme?

Back 8

Organic molecule that participates in the reaction but is left unchanged afterward

Front 9

Enzymes are affected by their environment.
How?

Back 9

Most enzymes function maximally in a narrow range of temperature and pH. Outside of this does not go well.

Front 10

Chemical reactions occur in what type of pathway?

Back 10

Metabolic pathways

Front 11

Each step of a chemical reaction occurring in a metabolic pathway is coordinated by what?

Back 11

Specific enzymes

Front 12

There are 2 types of metabolic pathways. What are they?

Back 12

Catabolic (Exergonic – spontaneous)
Anabolic (Endergonic – not spontaneous)

Front 13

Cataboic reaction is a ???? reaction

Back 13

Exergonic – spontaneous
neg delta

Front 14

Anabolic reaction is a ???? reaction

Back 14

Endergonic – not spontaneous
pos delta

Front 15

Catabolic Reactions do what?

Back 15

Breakdown reactants. Used for recycling and to obtain energy for endergonic reactions.

Front 16

Cataboic reaction – where is the energy stored?

Back 16

ATP and NADH

Front 17

Anabolic reactions are what type of reaction?

Back 17

Biosynthetic reactions. Endergonic – must be coupled to exergoinc reactions.

Front 18

Oxidation does what?

Back 18

Removes electrons (net positive charge)

Front 19

Reduction does what?

Back 19

Addition of electrons (net negative charge)

Front 20

Redox reaction is what?

Back 20

Electron removed from one molecule and is then added to another

Front 21

Electrons removed by oxidation are used for what?

Back 21

Electrons that are removed by oxidation are used to create energy intermediates like NADH

Front 22

NADH is ???? to make ATP

Back 22

NDH is oxidized to make ATP.
It can donate electron during synthesis reaction

Front 23

Regulation of metaboic pathways? How does this happen?

Back 23

Gene regulation – turn on or off genes.
Cellular regulation – cell–signaling pathways like hormones.
Biochemical regulations – feedback inhibition where product of pathways inhibits early steps to prevent over–accumulation of prodcut. Slows down the first part to ease up on the later slower steps.