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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Articles of Confederation
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was the first constitution of the United States and specified how the Federal government was to operate, including adoption of an official name for the new nation, United States of America.
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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Congress did not have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation of the inhabitants of the United States
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Northwest Ordinance
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Arguably the single most important piece of legislation passed by members of the earlier Continental Congresses other than the Declaration of Independence, it established the precedent by which the United States would expand westward across North America by the admission of new states, rather than by the expansion of existing states.
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Constitutional Convention
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a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution
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Theory of State Soverignty
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states the Constitution's principle of federalism by providing that powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the states by the Constitution are reserved to the states or the people
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History of State constitutions
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adopted as a backbone against national governments which each state wanted their own laws and customs
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Society of the Cincinatti
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a historical organization with branches in the United States and France founded in 1783 to preserve the ideals and fellowship of the Revolutionary War officers and to pressure the government to honor pledges it had made to officers who fought for American independence
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San Souci Club
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A club formed by bostonians in 1784
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Primogeniture
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the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings
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John Woolman
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was an American itinerant Quaker preacher, traveling throughout the American colonies, advocating against conscription, military taxation, and particularly slavery
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Federalist number 10
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is an essay written by James Madison and the tenth of the Federalist Papers, a series arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution
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Shay's Rebellion
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A militia that had been raised as a private army defeated an attack on the federal Springfield Armory by the main Shaysite force on February 3, 1787, and four rebels were killed in the action.
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Virginia Plan
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The Virginia Plan was notable for its role in setting the overall agenda for debate in the convention and, in particular, for setting forth the idea of population-weighted representation in the proposed national legislature
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Commitee of detail
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The Committee of Detail was a committee established by the Philadelphia Convention on June 23, 1787 to put down a draft text reflecting the agreements made by the Convention up to that point, including the Virginia Plan's 15 resolutions
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Nationalists vs Localists
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Nationalists and localists often fought over political views in that of having states regulate the government or having a strong central government. the nationalists supported a strong national government. localists wanted a more "local" approach
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Anti-Federalists
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Patrick Henry
Samuel Adams George Mason Richard Henry Lee Robert Yates Thomas Jefferson These were all anti-federalists, these being who sought to not have the constitution ratified but if it did, wanted a bill of rights |
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Federalists
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Federalism was the most influential political movement arising out of discontent with the Articles of Confederation, which focused on limiting the authority of the federal government. For example, the Articles allowed the Continental Congress the power to sign treaties or declare war, but it was essentially powerless to do so because all major decisions required a unanimous vote
James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay were examples of federalists |
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Jay-Gardoqui Treaty
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between the United States and Spain guaranteed Spain's exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi River for 30 years. It also opened Spain's European and West Indian seaports to American shipping. However, the Treaty was not ratified under the Articles of Confederation.
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Federalist #84
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The 84th edition of the Federalist Paper, which was a very popular set of papers during the time of the ratification of the constitution
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Montesquieu – The Spirit of Laws
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is a treatise on political theory first published anonymously by Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in 1748 with the help of Claudine Guérin de Tencin
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3/5 Compromise
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was a compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives.
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William Paterson
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was a New Jersey statesman, a signer of the U.S. Constitution, and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, who served as the 2nd governor of New Jersey, from 1790 to 1793.
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Republican
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An advocate of a republic, a form of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is generally associated with the rule of law
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Benjamin Banneker
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was a free African American astronomer, mathematician, surveyor, almanac author and farmer who wrote many political theorys and was considered a smart man
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Phyllis Wheatly
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was the first published African American poet and first African-American woman whose writings were published
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Society for the Relief of Free Negroes
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was the first American abolition society. It was initially formed April 14, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and held four meetings
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Henry Knox
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was a military officer of the Continental Army and later the United States Army, and also served as the first United States Secretary of War
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Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania
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is a series of essays written by the Pennsylvania lawyer and legislator John Dickinson.twelve letters were widely read and reprinted throughout the thirteen colonies, and were important in uniting the colonists against the Townshend Acts
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NJ Plan
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The plan was created in response to the Virginia Plan's call for two houses of Congress, both elected with apportionment according to population or direct taxes paid,
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Bill of Rights
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is a list of the most important rights of the citizens of a country. The purpose of these bills is to protect those rights against infringement by the government
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Robert Morris
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an American merchant, and signer of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. He was elected to the Pennsylvania Assembly and became the Chairman of the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety and a member of the Second Continental Congress where he served as chairman of the "Secret Committee of Trade" and as a member of the Committee of Correspondence.
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John Jay
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Jay served as the President of the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779. During and after the American Revolution, Jay was a minister (ambassador) to Spain and France, helping to fashion United States foreign policy, and to secure favorable peace terms from Great Britain (with Jay's Treaty of 1794) and the First French Republic. Jay also co-wrote the Federalist Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
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James Madison
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He was the principal author of the United States Constitution, and is often called the "Father of the Constitution". In 1788, he wrote over a third of the Federalist Papers, the most influential commentary on the Constitution. The first president to have served in the United States Congress, he was a leader in the 1st United States Congress, drafting many basic laws, and was responsible for the first ten amendments to the Constitution and thus is also known as the "Father of the Bill of Rights"
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